Environment variable

Environment variables are a set of dynamic named values that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer.

They are part of the environment in which a process runs. For example, a running process can query the value of the TEMP environment variable to discover a suitable location to store temporary files, or the HOME or USERPROFILE variable to find the directory structure owned by the user running the process.

They were introduced in their modern form in 1979 with Version 7 Unix, so are included in all Unix operating system flavors and variants from that point onward including Linux and OS X. From PC DOS 2.0 in 1982, all succeeding Microsoft operating systems including Microsoft Windows, and OS/2 also have included them as a feature, although with somewhat different syntax, usage and standard variable names.

Details

In all Unix and Unix-like systems, each process has its own separate set of environment variables. By default, when a process is created, it inherits a duplicate environment of its parent process, except for explicit changes made by the parent when it creates the child. At the API level, these changes must be done between running fork and exec. Alternatively, from command shells such as bash, a user can change environment variables for a particular command invocation by indirectly invoking it via env or using the ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE=VALUE <command> notation. All Unix operating system flavors, DOS, and Windows have environment variables; however, they do not all use the same variable names. A running program can access the values of environment variables for configuration purposes.

CLS

CLS may refer to:

Academic fields

Education

Societies and associations

Software and technology

CLS (command)

In computing, CLS (for clear screen) is a command used by the command line interpreters COMMAND.COM and CMD.EXE on DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows operating systems to clear the screen or console window of commands and any output generated by them. It does not clear the user's history of commands, however. The command is also available in the DEC RT-11 operating system. In other environments, such as Linux and Unix, the same functionality is provided by the clear command.

While the ultimate origins of using the three-character string CLS as the command to clear the screen likely predate Microsoft's use, this command was present before its MS-DOS usage, in the embedded ROM BASIC dialects Microsoft wrote for early 8-bit microcomputers (such as TRS-80 Color BASIC), where it served the same purpose. The MS-DOS dialects of BASIC written by Microsoft, BASICA and GW-BASIC, also have the CLS command as a BASIC keyword - as do various non-Microsoft implementations of BASIC such as BBC BASIC found on the BBC Micro computers. The CLS command is also present in BASIC versions for Microsoft Windows, however this generally clears text printed on the form, rather than the whole screen or controls on the form.

Phrase

In everyday speech, a phrase may be any group of words, often carrying a special idiomatic meaning; in this sense it is roughly synonymous with expression. In linguistic analysis, a phrase is a group of words (or possibly a single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence—a single unit within a grammatical hierarchy. A phrase appears within a clause, although it is also possible for a phrase to be a clause or to contain a clause within it.

Common and technical use

There is a difference between the common use of the term phrase and its technical use in linguistics. In common usage, a phrase is usually a group of words with some special idiomatic meaning or other significance, such as "all rights reserved", "economical with the truth", "kick the bucket", and the like. It may be a euphemism, a saying or proverb, a fixed expression, a figure of speech, etc.

In grammatical analysis, particularly in theories of syntax, a phrase is any group of words, or sometimes a single word, which plays a particular role within the grammatical structure of a sentence. It does not have to have any special meaning or significance, or even exist anywhere outside of the sentence being analyzed, but it must function there as a complete grammatical unit. For example, in the sentence Yesterday I saw an orange bird with a white neck, the words an orange bird with a white neck form what is called a noun phrase, or a determiner phrase in some theories, which functions as the object of the sentence.

Exhale (Plumb album)

Exhale is the seventh studio album by Plumb. Word Records alongside Curb Records released the album on May 4, 2015. Plumb worked with Matt Bronleewe in the production of this album.

Background

This album follows her 2013 album, Need You Now, that was also produced by Matt Bronleewe, as well as, Exhale. The album comes out on May 4, 2015 by Word Records and Curb Records, making the album her seventh studio album.

Critical reception

Awarding the album four stars at CCM Magazine, Matt Conner states, "Plumb's latest offering, Exhale, continues her streak of heartfelt, resonate releases marked by memorable melodies ... Overall it's a well-rounded set of songs from a respected artist who has been there." Alex Caldwell, assigning the album four and a half stars for Jesus Freak Hideout, writes, "Exhale ... portray[s] an honest journey of faith and doubt, of hope and pain." Giving the album four stars by Michael Weaver from Jesus Freak Hideout, says, "Exhale is an exceptional album worthy of your attention." In a four star review by New Release Tuesday, Jonathan J. Francesco describes, "this album is a rewarding and roaring success, combining passionate vocals, lyrics, melodies, and music into a tight and accessible package." Writing a 4.1 star review for FDRMX, Joe Frazier states, "Exhale ... beautifully reflects His loving us in our worst state while having done all of the work to move us to a redeemed state". Rating the album a ten out of ten for Cross Rhythms, Tim Holden writes, "There really are no weak tracks here and it is very easy to be drawn into the emotions of every one of them and taken up with the honest and uplifting lyrics. A must have album."

Thousand Foot Krutch

Thousand Foot Krutch (often abbreviated TFK) is a Canadianrock band formed in 1995. They have released eight albums. They have also released one live album and three remix albums. Singer Trevor McNevan and drummer Steve Augustine are also members of their own side project band called FM Static and Joel Bruyere started his own solo project called "The Drawing Room" in 2009. The band has sold a million albums as of February 2014.

Overview

Trevor McNevan founded the band in Peterborough, Ontario, a city northeast of Toronto, where he went to high school. Joel Bruyere, born in Brantford, Ontario, was McNevan's childhood friend who had moved away but remained in contact with him. Drummer Steve Augustine is from Hamilton, Ontario. McNevan's first band was Oddball, which featured Dave Smith on guitar, Tim Baxter on bass and McNevan's good friend, Three Days Grace's Neil Sanderson, on drums. Oddball recorded only one album, Shutterbug, which was released in 1995. McNevan is the founding member of TFK (along with original guitarist Dave Smith), formed in 1997 in Peterborough, Ontario. McNevan came up with TFK's name "symbolizing the point in our lives that we realize we can't make it on our own strength". He has written and released seven albums with Thousand Foot Krutch to date and another four with his side project FM Static.