Etheostoma
Etheostoma is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae native to North America. Most are restricted to the United States, but there are also species in Canada and Mexico. They are commonly known as darters although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce alarm pheromones that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack.
Species
There are currently 157 recognized species in this genus:
Etheostoma acuticeps R. M. Bailey, 1959 (Sharp-head darter)
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden, 2009 (Blue-mask darter)
Etheostoma artesiae (O. P. Hay, 1881) (Red-spot darter)
Etheostoma asprigene (S. A. Forbes, 1878) (Mud darter)
Etheostoma atripinne (D. S. Jordan, 1877) (Cumberland snubnose darter)
Etheostoma australe D. S. Jordan, 1889 (Conchos darter)
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden, 2010 (Autumn darter)
Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr, 1982 (Emerald darter)
Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & J. W. Small, 1971 (Teardrop darter)
Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page, 1982 (Splendid darter)