Equalization

Equalization may refer to:

Science and technology

Economics and finance

Other

See also

Equalization (proof)

Equalization is a mathematical analysis of static load-sharing (also called load-distributing) 2-point anchor systems.

Derivation

Consider the node, where the two anchor legs join with the main line. At this node, the sum of all forces in the x-direction must equal zero since the system is in mechanical equilibrium.

The net force in the y-direction must also sum to zero.

Substitute from equation (1) into equation (2) and factor out .

Solve for and simplify.

Use a trigonometric identity to simplify more and arrive at our final solution for .

Then use from equation (3) and substitute into (1) to solve for

Symmetrical Anchor - Special Case

Let us now analyze a specific case in which the two anchors are "symmetrical" along the y-axis.

Start by noticing and are the same. Let us start from equation (4) and substitute for and simplify.

And using another trigonometric identity we can simplify the denominator.

Note that is half of the angle between the two anchor points. To express the force at each anchor using the entire angle , we substitute .

Equalization (communications)

In telecommunication, equalization is the reversal of distortion incurred by a signal transmitted through a channel. Equalizers are used to render the frequency response—for instance of a telephone line—flat from end-to-end. When a channel has been equalized the frequency domain attributes of the signal at the input are faithfully reproduced at the output. Telephones, DSL lines and television cables use equalizers to prepare data signals for transmission.

Equalizers are critical to the successful operation of electronic systems such as analog broadcast television. In this application the actual waveform of the transmitted signal must be preserved, not just its frequency content. Equalizing filters must cancel out any group delay and phase delay between different frequency components.

Analog telecommunications

Audio lines

Early telephone systems used equalization to correct for the reduced level of high frequencies in long cables, typically using Zobel networks. These kinds of equalizers can also be used to produce a circuit with a wider bandwidth than the standard telephone band of 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz. This was particularly useful for broadcasters who needed "music" quality, not "telephone" quality on landlines carrying program material. It is necessary to remove or cancel any loading coils in the line before equalization can be successful. Equalization was also applied to correct the response of the transducers, for example, a particular microphone might be more sensitive to low frequency sounds than to high frequency sounds, so an equalizer would be used to increase the volume of the higher frequencies (boost), and reduce the volume of the low frequency sounds (cut).