End
End or Ending may refer to:
End
END
Ending
See also
Conclusion (music)
In music, the conclusion is the ending of a composition and may take the form of a coda or outro.
Pieces using sonata form typically use the recapitulation to conclude a piece, providing closure through the repetition of thematic material from the exposition in the tonic key. In all musical forms other techniques include "altogether unexpected digressions just as a work is drawing to its close, followed by a return...to a consequently more emphatic confirmation of the structural relations implied in the body of the work."
For example:
End (graph theory)
In the mathematics of infinite graphs, an end of a graph represents, intuitively, a direction in which the graph extends to infinity. Ends may be formalized mathematically as equivalence classes of infinite paths, as havens describing strategies for pursuit-evasion games on the graph, or (in the case of locally finite graphs) as topological ends of topological spaces associated with the graph.
Ends of graphs may be used (via Cayley graphs) to define ends of finitely generated groups. Finitely generated infinite groups have one, two, or infinitely many ends, and the Stallings theorem about ends of groups provides a decomposition for groups with more than one end.
Definition and characterization
Ends of graphs were defined by Rudolf Halin (1964) in terms of equivalence classes of infinite paths. A ray in an infinite graph is a semi-infinite simple path; that is, it is an infinite sequence of vertices v0, v1, v2, ... in which each vertex appears at most once in the sequence and each two consecutive vertices in the sequence are the two endpoints of an edge in the graph. According to Halin's definition, two rays r0 and r1 are equivalent if there is another ray r2 (not necessarily different from either of the first two rays) that contains infinitely many of the vertices in each of r0 and r1. This is an equivalence relation: each ray is equivalent to itself, the definition is symmetric with regard to the ordering of the two rays, and it can be shown to be transitive. Therefore, it partitions the set of all rays into equivalence classes, and Halin defined an end as one of these equivalence classes.
Rose water
Rose water is a flavoured water made by steeping rose petals in water. It is the hydrosol portion of the distillate of rose petals, a by-product of the production of rose oil for use in perfume. It is used to flavour food, as a component in some cosmetic and medical preparations, and for religious purposes throughout Europe and Asia. Rose syrup is made from rose water, with sugar added.
Origin
The cultivation of various fragrant flowers for obtaining perfumes including rose water may date back to Sassanid Persia. Locally it was known as golāb in Middle Persian, and as zoulápin in Byzantine Greek.
The modern mass production of rose water through steam distillation was refined by Persian chemist Avicenna in the medieval Islamic world which lead to more efficient and economic uses for perfumery industries. This allowed for more efficient and lucrative trade.
Since ancient times, roses have been used medicinally, nutritionally, and as a source of perfume. The ancient Greeks, Romans and Phoenicians considered large public rose gardens to be as important as croplands such as orchards and wheat fields.
Rosewater (disambiguation)
Rosewater is the hydrosol portion of the distillate of rose petals.
Rosewater may also refer to:
People named Rosewater
Fictional characters
- Eliot Rosewater, a character in the novel
See also
Rosewater Limited Liability Company
Rosewater Limited Liability Company is a homeless advocacy organization founded in Cleveland, Ohio in the late nineties by Clark David "Cody" Campbell. Its original manifesto stated that the organization's mission was to "liberate" abandoned buildings for use by the homeless.
In December 1999, Campbell, acting as senior vice president of Rosewater, led vegetarian activist group "Food Not Bombs" in a protest on public square against the then Cleveland Mayor Michael Reed White's "sweeping the streets" policy.
Mayor White had instituted a policy in unison with other big city mayors, most notably, then Mayor, Rudolph William Louis Giuliani of New York City, of discreet removal of homeless from the streets to public shelters.
Homeless advocates claimed this to be part of a larger plan to "sweep the streets" of the homeless during the holiday shopping season. City officials countered that the policy intended to promote strong economic development, improve city public image and safety, and provide humanitarian assistance to the poor and homeless.
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