Elevation

The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic system, vertical datum). Elevation, or geometric height, is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height is used for points above the surface, such as an aircraft in flight or a spacecraft in orbit, and depth is used for points below the surface.

Less commonly, elevation is measured using the center of the Earth as the reference point. Due to equatorial bulge, there is debate as to which of the summits of Mt. Everest or Chimborazo is at the higher elevation, as the Chimborazo summit is further from the Earth's center, while the Mt. Everest summit is higher above mean sea level.

Maps and GIS

A topographical map is the main type of map used to depict elevation, often through use of contour lines. In a Geographic Information System (GIS), digital elevation models (DEM) are commonly used to represent the surface (topography) of a place, through a raster (grid) dataset of elevations. Digital terrain models are another way to represent terrain in GIS.

Elevation (ballistics)

In ballistics, the elevation is the angle between the horizontal plane and the direction of the barrel of a gun, mortar or heavy artillery. Originally, elevation was a linear measure of how high the gunners had to physically lift the muzzle of a gun up from the gun carriage to hit targets at a certain distance.

Pre-WWI and WWI

Though early 20th-century firearms were relatively easy to fire, artillery was not. Before and during World War I, the only way to effectively fire artillery was plotting points on a plane.

Most artillery units seldom employed their cannons in small numbers. Instead of using pin-point artillery firing they used old means of "fire for effect" using artillery en masse. This tactic was employed successfully by past armies.

But changes have been made since past wars and in World War I, artillery was more accurate than before, although not as accurate as modern artillery guns. The tactics of artillery from previous wars were carried on, and still had similar success. Warships and battleships also carried large caliber guns that needed to be elevated to certain degrees to accurately hit targets, and they also had the similar drawbacks of land artillery.

Elevation (Anggun album)

Elevation is the fourth international studio album by Indonesian singer-songwriter, Anggun. The album was released with the same title for the English-language version and the French-language version. The album was certified Gold Export Award for its sales outside France.

Background

After a long year from "Luminescence" era, a third successful studio album, certified gold in France and abroad, the Indonesian singer feels more than ever. "I didn't, at all, feel like the weaker sex. Well, a woman is rich. We live more things psychologically and emotionally. We can do many things at once and we must be proud," said Anggun.

"Elevation" is a new ambitious project, which exposed the sensuality of Anggun on urban unexpected rhythms, produced by Tefa & Masta (Diam's, Sniper, Sinik, Kool Shen, Rhoff) and including prestigious collaborations with Pras of the Fugees, Sinik, Big Ali and also Tunisiano. "I appreciated the urban music but the world of hip-hop in me remains unknown," said Indonesian singer, referring to the period preceding his meeting with thunderbolt Tefa & Masta. "I was fan of the last album of Nelly Furtado, and I found her amazing musical evolution was successful. Surprise while continuing to provide what is expected of me. I like to cover their tracks as I did with DJ Cam for example."

Trinity

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from Latin trinitas "triad", from trinus "threefold") defines God as three consubstantial persons, expressions, or hypostases: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit; "one God in three persons". The three persons are distinct, yet are one "substance, essence or nature". In this context, a "nature" is what one is, while a "person" is who one is.

According to this central mystery of some Christian faiths, there is only one God in three persons: while distinct from one another in their relations of origin (as the Fourth Lateran Council declared, "it is the Father who generates, the Son who is begotten, and the Holy Spirit who proceeds") and in their relations with one another, they are stated to be one in all else, co-equal, co-eternal and consubstantial, and "each is God, whole and entire". Accordingly, the whole work of creation and grace is seen as a single operation common to all three divine persons, in which each shows forth what is proper to him in the Trinity, so that all things are "from the Father", "through the Son" and "in the Holy Spirit".

Trinity (Mat Maneri album)

Trinity is a solo album by American composer, improviser and jazz violin and viola player Mat Maneri recorded in 1999 and released on the ECM label.

Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars calling it "a mystifying debut by a devastatingly creative and deftly talented musician".

Track listing

Personnel

References

Trinity (electoral district)

Trinity was an electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons, 1935 to 1988. It covered a portion of western Toronto. Its name comes from the Trinity–Bellwoods area that was once home to Trinity College.

History

This district was formed in 1933 from portions of Toronto Northwest, Toronto West Centre, and Toronto South ridings. Its boundaries changed repeatedly over the years; when created, it stretched far north to the edge of the city boundaries. As this northern portion became more populated, it was split off into other ridings. Its eastern and western boundaries were fairly consistent, stretching from Bathurst Street in the east to Atlantic Avenue in the West. In 1987, due to the relative decrease in the population of downtown Toronto compared to other areas, this district was merged with Spadina to form Trinity—Spadina. Some portions also went to the western riding of Davenport.

Members of Parliament

Trinity elected the following Members of Parliament: