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Exposure in magic refers to the practice of revealing the secrets of how magic tricks are performed.
The practice is generally frowned upon as a type of spoiler that ruins the experience of magical performances for audiences.
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Background [link]
Exposures are performed by both professional and amateur magicians. Some exposures have been performed as part of stage shows, or in other public media including television,[1] the Internet, certain video sharing interfaces, discussion forums, and blogs.
One notable case of exposure using network television involved Val Valentino, performing as the Masked Magician in the Fox series Breaking the Magician's Code which ran between 1997 and 1998. Valentino was ostracized by the magic community and received much criticism from magicians for contravening the joint International Brotherhood of Magicians and Society of American Magicians ethics statement.[2]
Penn & Teller performances often include exposing their own tricks for purposes of entertainment. Penn Jillette has said that while the duo show the audience how a trick is done, it is often done so quickly or with different mechanics, that while the audience learns it is a trick, they cannot follow. As a result, the duo will repeat the trick fooling the audience even after the audience knows how it's done.[citation needed] This highlights the need to distinguish apparent exposures performed by magicians during an act, which invariably turn out to be illusions in their own right.[citation needed]
Arguments [link]
Supporting exposure [link]
| Reason | Argument | Counter Argument |
|---|---|---|
| Education | New magicians need to learn somewhere. Exposure enables young magicians to develop their skills across a wide range of magical methods. | There are many accepted methods of teaching magic that targets those who want to perform, rather than those who just want to know the secret. |
| Innovation | Exposure of old tricks forces magicians to develop new ones. | Exposing magic tricks is a very easy process. Developing new tricks is a difficult, time consuming process.[3] Rather than encourage innovation, exposure may discourage the process as magicians may fear the possibility of their hard won secret being revealed. Moreover, innovation is encouraged through competition between magicians. |
| Appreciation of skill | Exposure allows spectators to fully appreciate the range of skills involved in performing magic tricks. | The entertainment provided in magic is heightened by not knowing how the trick is achieved - unlike, eg., juggling, where appreciation of the skill of the juggler adds to the experience. |
Opposing exposure [link]
| Reason | Argument | Counter Argument |
|---|---|---|
| Devaluation of tricks | Exposure devalues magic tricks by removing their potential to surprise audiences.[4] Exposures are over-simplified to the degree that they cheapen the art. | The dangers of exposure are easily exaggerated.[1] Many magic tricks which have been exposed in the past remain popular with audiences. In addition, many members of the public are indifferent to exposures and will neither seek them out nor remember the details for long. Finally, there exist strategies that allow a magician to continue to fool an audience even if they've been exposed to secrets for similar, or even identical, effects.[5] |
| Intellectual property | Exposure violates the intellectual property rights of the creator of the trick. Whilst magical secrets cannot be protected by the law, the moral code of practising magicians[3] respects the innovator of any particular secret. | In most cases, Intellectual Property law does not protect magic methods. Most tricks rely on sleight of hand and knowledge of psychological principles, neither of which are patentable in the capacity that scientific methods and processes are. |
| Potential for disruption | Exposures provide ammunition for hecklers and saboteurs at the point of performance. | These individuals will damage performances either way. A good performer should be able to cope with this. |
| Harms new magicians | It is the simpler, cheaper tricks that young magicians rely on, which are most likely to be exposed. Exposure also encourages experienced magicians to avoid discussing methods with newcomers for fear that their methods will be revealed. | Exposure aids new magicians by providing them with an easy, cheap source of new tricks. |
| Magic and criminality | The skills and secrets of a magician can be used to harm the public, by creative cheats and emotional persuasion. Exposure may furnish those with criminal intent the skills needed to attempt such deception. | Exposure allows members of the public to become more keenly aware of the possibility of deception, and how it works. |
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ a b Peter Lamont, Richard Wiseman (2005) Magic in Theory: An Introduction to the Theoretical and Psychological Elements of Conjuring pp xiv. Univ of Hertfordshire Press ISBN 1-902806-50-6 Accessed 2010, May 20
- ^ Young Magician Practices Abracadabra
- ^ a b Popular Science (Feb 1926) My Rope Escapes - By Houdini Vol. 108, No. 2, pp23. Bonnier Corporation ISSN 0161-7370 Accessed 2010, May 20
- ^ Paul Curry (2003) Magician's Magic pp76. Courier Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-43176-2 Accessed 2010, May 20
- ^ Musgrave, Andrew (2010). "Exposure Essays Retrospective". Ye Olde Magick Blogge. https://sleightly.com/blog/2010/03/24/exposure-essays-retrospective/.
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Exposure (heights)
Exposure is a climbing and hiking term. Sections of a hiking path or climbing route are described as "exposed" if there is a high risk of injury in the event of a fall because of the steepness of the terrain. If such routes are negotiated without any protection, a false step can result in a serious fall. The negotiation of such routes can cause fear of falling because of the potential danger.
Definitions
What constitutes exposure on a path is fairly obvious, however, an "exposed" location or section of a climbing route is not uniformly or clearly defined in the literature. There are no threshold values, for example, based on the gradient of the terrain, the height of rock faces or the character of an ridge or arête. Authors tend to use their own definition of the terms "exposure" or "exposed" when describing routes, for example:
Exposure
Exposure (photography)
In photography, exposure is the amount of light per unit area (the image plane illuminance times the exposure time) reaching a photographic film or electronic image sensor, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture and scene luminance. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.
In photographic jargon, an exposure generally refers to a single shutter cycle. For example: a long exposure refers to a single, protracted shutter cycle to capture enough low-intensity light, whereas a multiple exposure involves a series of relatively brief shutter cycles; effectively layering a series of photographs in one image. For the same film speed, the accumulated photometric exposure (Hv) should be similar in both cases.
Definitions
Underexposure and overexposure
A photograph may be described as overexposed when it has a loss of highlight detail, that is, when important bright parts of an image are "washed out" or effectively all white, known as "blown-out highlights" or "clipped whites". A photograph may be described as underexposed when it has a loss of shadow detail, that is, when important dark areas are "muddy" or indistinguishable from black, known as "blocked-up shadows" (or sometimes "crushed shadows", "crushed blacks", or "clipped blacks", especially in video). As the image to the right shows, these terms are technical ones. There are three types of settings they are manual, automatic and exposure compensation.
