Eleazar Chisma
Eleazar Chisma (Ḥisma; Hebrew: אלעזר חסמא, "Eleazar Chasma", or אלעזר בן חסמא, "Eleazar ben Chasma") was a tanna (sage) of the second and third generations (2nd century); he was a disciple of Joshua ben Hananiah and Gamaliel II. (Ḥag. 3a; Hor. 10a).
Etymology
In their use of the word "ben" in connection with his cognomen "Ḥisma" or "Ḥasma" (see Geiger, "Schriften," iv. 343, and Strack, "Einleitung in den Thalmud," 2d ed., p. 81), the sources are inconsistent; its insertion, however, seems justifiable. "Ḥisma," is not an adjectival cognomen (see Eleazar I.), but a locative, the place probably being identical with Hizmeh (see Luncz, "Jerusalem," vi. 67; Selbie, J. A. (1898). "Azmaveth". In James Hastings. A Dictionary of the Bible I. p. 208. ; hence "ben Ḥisma" means "son of [= "native of"] Ḥisma" (compare R. H. 17a; Meg. 19a; Ḳid. ii. 3).
Several halakot are preserved under Eleazar's name in the Mishnah (Ter. iii. 5; B. M. vii. 5), and he is met with in halakic controversies with Eleazar ben Azariah and Akiba (Neg. vii. 2; Sifra, Tazria', i. 2), and with Eliezer ben Jacob I (Pes. 32a; Yalḳ., Lev. 638); and to him is ascribed the economic rule that the employee is not entitled to a proportion of his employer's produce greater than the amount of his wages (B. M. vii. 5, 92a; Sifre, Deut. 266).
Eleazar
Eleazar (pronounced /ɛliˈeɪzər/; Hebrew: אֶלְעָזָר, Modern Elʻazar, Tiberian Elʻāzār ; "El has helped") or Elazar was a priest in the Hebrew Bible, the second Kohen Gadol (High Priest), succeeding his father Aaron after Aaron's death. He was a nephew of Moses.
Eleazar played a number of roles during the course of the Israelites' wilderness wanderings, from creating the plating for the altar from the firepans of Korah's assembly, to performing the ritual of the Red Heifer. After the death of his older brothers Nadab and Abihu, he and his younger brother Ithamar were appointed to the charge of the sanctuary. His wife, a daughter of Putiel, bore him Phinehas, who would eventually succeed him as Kohen Gadol.
Leviticus 10:16-18 records an incident when Moses was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, for failing to eat a sin offering inside the Tabernacle in accordance with the regulations set out in the preceding chapters of Leviticus regarding the entitlement of the priests to a share of the offerings they made on behalf of the Israelite people.
Eleazar (2 Maccabees)
Eleazar is a Jewish martyr portrayed in 2 Maccabees 6. Verse 18 describes him as "one of the leading teachers of the law," and "of distinguished bearing." We learn from verse 24 that he was ninety at the time of his death. Under a persecution instigated by Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Eleazar was forced to open his mouth and eat pork, but he spat it out and submitted to flogging. He was then privately permitted to eat meat that he could pretend was pork, but he refused and was flogged to death. The narrator relates that in his death he left "a heroic example and a glorious memory," (verse 31).
Along with the woman with seven sons depicted in the following chapter, Eleazar, although not actually a Maccabee, is celebrated as one of the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs" by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Their feast day is August 1.
References
Eleazar (son of Aminadab)
Eleazar, son of Aminadab, was an inhabitant of Kiriath-Jearim and was "consecrated" to guard the Ark of the Covenant, while it remained in the house of his father Abinadab (1 Samuel 7:1 ).
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