ECU

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Écu

The term écu (French pronunciation: ​[eky]) or crown may refer to one of several French coins. The first écu was a gold coin (the écu d'or) minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266. Écu (from Latin scutum) means shield, and the coin was so called because its design included a shield bearing a coat of arms. The word is related to scudo and escudo. The value of the écu varied considerably over time, and silver coins (known as écu d'argent) were also introduced.

History

Origin

When Louis IX took office, France still used small silver deniers, which had circulated since the time of Charlemagne to the exclusion of larger silver or gold coins. Over the years, French kings had granted numerous nobles and bishops the right to strike coins and their “feudal” coinages competed with the royal coinage. Venice and Florence had already shown that there was demand for larger silver and gold coins and in 1266 Louis IX sought an advantage for the royal coinage by expanding it in these areas. His gold écu d'or showed a shield strewn with fleur-de-lis, which was the coat of arms of the kings of France at the time. These coins were valued as if gold was worth only 10 times as much as silver, an unrealistic ratio which Edward III of England had unsuccessfully tried to use. It failed again, Louis IX’s silver coins were a great success but his gold was not accepted at this rate and his successor discontinued gold coinage.

ECU'92

Found fullname,

ECU’92 (Economie Combinatie Utrecht 1992) is the study association for all economics and business economics students at the faculty Law, Economics and Governance (REBO) at the Utrecht University. With over 1800 members, of which 120 participate in one of the 16 committees, ECU’92 is among the largest study associations of Utrecht. The association aims to represent the interests of its members and broaden casu quo deepen their understanding of the economy and also all that is (in)directly related or can enhance the understanding of the economy in general. The association fulfils this goal by the organization of a diversity of social, content and career related events.

History

Initiated by the faculties of social sciences and geography an economics project in Utrecht was started in the academic year 1991/1992. As a result, on March 24 1992, Economie Combinatie Utrecht 1992 was founded during the first general meeting in the Bondsraadzaal of the National Labourunion museum.