EF

EF or ef may refer to:

Computing

Culture

Linguistics

Organizations

Psychology

Science

Efavirenz

Efavirenz (EFV), sold under the brand names Sustiva among others, is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. For HIV infection that has not previously been treated, the United States Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines currently recommends the use of efavirenz in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada) as one of the preferred NNRTI-based regimens in adults and adolescents. Efavirenz is also used in combination with other antiretroviral agents as part of an expanded postexposure prophylaxis regimen to reduce the risk of HIV infection in people exposed to a significant risk (e.g. needlestick injuries, certain types of unprotected sex etc.).

It is usually taken on an empty stomach at bedtime to reduce neurological and psychiatric adverse effects.

Efavirenz was combined with the HIV medications tenofovir and emtricitabine, all of which are reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This combination of three medications under the brand name Atripla, provides HAART in a single tablet taken once a day.

E2F4

Transcription factor E2F4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F4 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. This protein binds to all three of the tumor suppressor proteins pRB, p107 and p130, but with higher affinity to the last two. It plays an important role in the suppression of proliferation-associated genes, and its gene mutation and increased expression may be associated with human cancer.

Structure

The E2F proteins contain several evolutionally conserved domains found in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids (Asp + Glu), and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain.

E. F. K. Koerner

E. F. K. (Ernst Frideryk Konrad) Koerner (born 5 February 1939) is an author, researcher and Professor of Linguistics.

Early life and education

Koerner was born in Mlewiec near Turuń, Poland (formerly called Hofleben near Thorn Western Prussia), on the family manor. He is the second son of the economist Johann Jakob Friedrich Koerner (LL.D., University of Heidelberg, 1922) and his wife Annelise, née Koerner (from a distant Berlin branch of the family). He has two well-known great grandfathers; one was the Lord Mayor of Thorn 1842–1871, Theodor Eduard Koerner (1810–1891; LLD, University of Berlin, 1835), the other the Berlin orientalist painter Ernst Carl Eugen Koerner (1846–1927).

Koerner was educated at the Gymnasium of Krefeld, graduating in March 1960. He performed obligatory military service the following two years, beginning his studies in German and English philology, the history of art, pedagogy, and philosophy at the University of Göttingen in the summer of 1962, with the idea of becoming a high-school teacher. Three semesters later he moved to the Free University of Berlin, but also studied English literature and applied linguistics for two terms at the University of Edinburgh (1964–1965), before returning to Berlin in the summer of 1965 for his Philosophicum.