Earned run average

In baseball statistics, earned run average (ERA) is the mean of earned runs given up by a pitcher per nine innings pitched (i.e. the traditional length of a game). It is determined by dividing the number of earned runs allowed by the number of innings pitched and multiplying by nine. Runs resulting from defensive errors (including pitchers' defensive errors) are recorded as unearned runs and are not used to determine ERA.

Origins

Henry Chadwick is credited with first devising the statistic, which caught on as a measure of pitching effectiveness after relief pitching came into vogue in the 1900s. Prior to 1900 – and, in fact, for many years afterward – pitchers were routinely expected to pitch a complete game, and their win-loss record was considered sufficient in determining their effectiveness.

Some criterion was needed to capture the apportionment of earned-run responsibility for a pitcher in games that saw contributions from other pitchers for the same team. Since pitchers have primary responsibility to put opposing batters out, they must assume responsibility when a batter they do not retire at the plate moves to base, and eventually reaches home, scoring a run. A pitcher is assessed an earned run for each earned run scored by a batter (or pinch-runner) who reached base while batting against that pitcher. After pitchers like James Otis Crandall and Charlie Hall made names for themselves as relief specialists, gauging a pitcher's effectiveness became more difficult using the traditional method of tabulating wins and losses. The National League first kept official earned run average statistics in 1912 (the statistic was called "Heydler's statistic" for a while, after then-NL secretary John Heydler), with the American League following suit afterward.

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ERA

ERA is the abbreviation of:

Games and sports

Earned run average, a baseball statistic

English Racing Automobiles, a manufacturer of racing cars

Organizations

Academy of European Law (known by the German acronym ERA for: Europäische Rechtsakademie), an international centre for training and debate for lawyers

Electricity Regulatory Authority, the electricity regulatory body of Uganda

Electronic Records Archives, an office of the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

Ellinikí Radiofonía, the radio arm of the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (Greece)

Energy Resources of Australia, a mining company owned by the Rio Tinto Group

Engineering Research Associates, a computer firm from the 1950s

Equal Rights Advocates (since 1974), a women's rights organization

Equal Rights Association (1866–1869, aka AERA), a women's rights organization

Entertainment Retailers Association, the British branch of GERA Europe

Environmental Resource Associates, a lab accreditation company

Era (publisher), a Bulgarian publishing house

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/ERA

ER

ER or Er may refer to:

People

Elizabeth Regina, the Latin form of Queen Elizabeth

Eduardus Rex, the Latin form of King Edward

Eleanor Roosevelt, former First Lady of the United States

Er (biblical person), the eldest son of Judah in the biblical book of Genesis

Er, a character in Plato's Myth of Er

Èr, an ancient people inhabiting parts of what are now northern Armenia, northeast Turkey, southern Georgia, and northwest Azerbaijan

Nie Er (1912–1935), Chinese composer

E. R. Eswaran (born 1961), Indian politician and entrepreneur from Tamil Nadu

Places

Country code associated with Eritrea in ISO 3166 standard

East Rochester, New York

Language

-er, a suffix added to adjectives or adverbs to form a comparative (e.g. fast to faster)

-er, a suffix added to a verb to make it an agent noun (e.g. cut to cutter)

Oxford "-er", a suffix used to form words like rugger and footer

"er", a filler (linguistics)

Er (Cyrillic) (P / p), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet corresponding to the Latin letter "R"

Er, alternate spelling for Yer (Ъ / ъ), the hard-sign letter of the Cyrillic alphabet

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NYPD Blue (season 3)

The 3rd season of NYPD Blue premiered on ABC on October 24, 1995, and concluded on May 21, 1996.

Episodes

References

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ER (TV series)

ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show ran for 15 seasons with a total of 331 episodes, becoming the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history. It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations, which makes it the most nominated drama program in history.ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series.