Caul

A caul or cowl (Latin: Caput galeatum, literally, "helmeted head") is a piece of membrane that can cover a newborn's head and face. Birth with a caul is rare, occurring in fewer than 1 in 80,000 births. The caul is harmless and is immediately removed by the physician or midwife upon delivery of the child.

The "en-caul" birth, not to be confused with the "caul" birth, occurs when the infant is born inside the entire amniotic sac. The sac balloons out at birth, with the amniotic fluid and child remaining inside the unbroken or partially broken membrane.

Types

A child "born with the caul" has a portion of a birth membrane remaining on the head. There are two types of caul membranes, and there are four ways such cauls can appear.

The most common caul type is a piece of the thin, translucent inner lining of the amnion which breaks away and forms tightly against the head during the birthing process. "Infrequently, in past ages as now, a baby is born with a thin, translucent tissue, a fragment of the amniotic membrane, covering its head. The remnant is known as a caul." Such a caul typically clings to the head and face, but on rarer occasions drapes over the head and partly down the torso. In Germany, this would be called a "helmet" (Galea) for boys; and in Italy, for girls, a "fillet" (vitta) or "shirt" (indusium, camisia). In Poland, it is called a "bonnet" (czepek), for both genders.

Caul (headgear)

A caul is a historical headress worn by women that covers tied-up hair. A fancy caul could be made of satin, velvet, fine silk or brocade, although a simple caul would commonly be made of white linen or cotton. The caul could be covered by a crespine or a hairnet to secure it from falling off.

During the second half of the thirteenth century, network caps, more properly called "Cauls", came into fashion for ladies' wear. These headdresses were shaped like bags, made of gold, silver or silk network. At first they fit fairly close to the head, the edge, band or rim being placed high up on the forehead, to show some hair on the temples and around the nape; they enclosed the head and hair, and were secured by a circlet or fillet. Jewels were often set at intervals in the band, also at the intersections of the cross-bars.

References

Caul (disambiguation)

Caul may refer to:

Dusk

Dusk is the darkest stage of twilight in the evening. Pre-dusk, during early to intermediate stages of twilight, there may be enough light in the sky under clear-sky conditions to read outdoors without artificial illumination, but at the end of civil twilight, when the earth rotates to a point at which the center of the sun is at 6° below the local horizon, artificial illumination is required to read outside.

Technical definitions

The time of dusk can be thought of relative to the time of twilight, which has several alternative technical definitions:

Dusk!

Dusk! is a premium monthly subscription television channel. Established in 2009, Dusk! is the first and only adult TV channel in the world aimed at a female audience. Demand for female-oriented adult films, porna or women's erotica has been increasing for many years and is becoming increasingly accepted. Dusk! believes women have their own fantasies and needs and therefore require a different kind of adult films. By questioning its female users via an online panel, Dusk! has become an expert in this area. Dusk! is available in The Netherlands on the platforms of Ziggo, UPC Netherlands, CAIW and KPN and broadcasts 24/7. The channel is owned by 2GrapesMedia.

Content

Dusk! offers a unique and diverse mix of mainly adult films and scenes, from all over the world and from a female point of view, and adult films in the genre of feminist pornography. The information provided by the online panel is the main guideline for selection, enabling to stay up to date with tastes, opinions and likes and dislikes regarding adult content for women. Content rejected by the panel is not broadcast. This method of selecting films has resulted in a new genre within the adult entertainment industry: porna.

Dusk (The The album)

Dusk is the fourth studio album by The The, recorded in 1992 and released by Sony Records in January 1993. The album peaked at #2 in the UK, and at #142 in America. In 2002 the album was reissued in remastered form on CD.

Track listing

Tracks written by Matt Johnson.

Reception

The album received positive reviews.

Personnel