Old European hydronymy

Old European (German: Alteuropäisch) is the term used by Hans Krahe (1964) for the language of the oldest reconstructed stratum of European hydronymy (river names) in Central and Western Europe. The character of these river names is pre-Germanic and pre-Celtic and dated by Krahe to the 2nd millennium BCE.

Geography

Krahe writes in A1, chapter III, “Introducing preface” Number 2 that the old European hydronomy spread from Scandinavia to South Italy, from Western Europe including the British Isles to the Baltic countries. Of the three Mediterranean peninsulas, Italy was most completely included, whilst the Balkan Peninsula was only scarcely covered. He writes that what he presents for hydronomy also applies to mountains and ranges of mountains, and continues with “Karpaten” and “Karawanken”, certainly within the Slavic settlement area, omitting the Bavarian/Austrian “Karwendel” though. This area is associated with the spread of the later "Western" Indo-European dialects, the Celtic, Italic, Germanic, Baltic and Illyrian branches. Notably exempt is Greece.

DUR

DUR or Dur may refer to:

See also

Elias Durand

Elias Durand (January 25, 1794 – August 15, 1873), born Élie Magloire Durand, was an American pharmacist and botanist. He was born in France.

Duran was born in Mayenne, France, apprenticed as a chemist and pharmacist in Mayenne from 1808–1812, studied pharmacy in Paris, and on his graduation in 1813 joined the medical corps of Napoleon's army. He served for 14 months, and was present at the battles of Lutzen, Bautzen, Hanau, Katzbach, and Leipzig. In 1814 he resigned his commission, and became an apothecary in Nantes where he studied botany intensively for two years. After Napoleon's downfall, he was suspected of Napoleonic tendencies, and sailed to New York City in 1816.

After intervals in Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, he ultimately settled in Philadelphia, where he established a drugstore employed by many of the most eminent physicians of the day. In 1825 he became a member of Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, and in 1832 was elected a corresponding member of the Societé de Pharmacie in Paris. In 1835 he was the first to begin bottling mineral waters in the United States, and in 1854 was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Niro

Niro may refer to:

Niro (rapper)

Noureddine Bahri (born 1987 in Orléans, Loiret), better known as Niro, is a French rapper of Moroccan descent he grew up in Blois who has released three charting albums in three years. In 2013 he was signed to AZ label after many years with the rap label Street Loud formed by members of the French rap collective Mafia K'1 Fry.

He started earlier releasing his street album Niroshima III in 2007. Niro became the first independent act to be signed to Street Lourd. He had his first single with "70 Kg" in 2011 followed by "Dans ton kwaah" and "Pikassos". He was featured in recordings of well-known rappers including Seth Gueko, Kery James and Booba. He is considered one of the prominent representatives of French "street rap" (le rap de rue).

In 2012, he released his debut studio album Paraplégique, that contained many of his earlier hits. But immediately after the release of the album, he was involved in legal problems on some minor charges, arrested after a police chase and sentenced to a 5-month term.