Dry sump

A dry sump is a lubricating motor oil management method for four-stroke and large two-stroke piston internal combustion engines that uses additional pumps and a secondary reservoir for oil, as compared to a conventional wet sump system, which uses only the main sump (U.S.: oil pan) below the engine and a single pump. A dry sump can also be implemented with a single vacuum pump that creates positive and negative pressures to pull and push the oil out and into the engine. A dry sump engine requires a pressure relief valve to regulate negative pressure inside the engine, so internal seals are not inverted.

Engines are both lubricated and cooled by oil that circulates throughout the engine, feeding various bearings and other moving parts and then draining, via gravity, into the sump at the base of the engine. In the wet sump system of most production automobile engines, an oil pump collects this oil from the sump and circulates it back through the engine.

In a dry sump, the oil still falls to the base of the engine, but rather than collecting in a reservoir-style oil sump, it falls into a much shallower sump, where one or more scavenge pumps draw it off and transfer it to a (usually external) reservoir, where it is both cooled and deaerated. A pressure pump then draws this oil and circulates it through the engine. Often, dry sump designs mount the pressure pump and scavenge pumps on a common shaft, so that one pulley at the front of the system can run as many pumps as the engine design requires. It is common practice to have one scavenge pump per crankcase section and in the case of a V-type engine an additional scavenge pump to remove oil fed to the valve gear. Therefore, a V8 engine would have four scavenge pumps and a pressure pump in the pump stack.

Dry

Dry or dryness denotes a lack of water. It may also refer to:

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Dry (film)

Dry is a 2014 Nigerian drama film directed by Stephanie Linus and starring Stephanie Okereke, Liz Benson, William McNamara, Darwin Shaw and Paul Sambo. On 20 July 2013, a teaser trailer for the film was released, in response to the Child marriage controversy ongoing in Nigeria at the time.

The film's theme focuses on Vesicovaginal fistula condition and underaged marriage among young women, narrating the story of a thirteen-year-old girl, Halima (Zubaida Ibrahim Fagge), whose poor uneducated parents marry her off to Sani (Tijjani Faraga), a 60-year-old man, who constantly rapes her. Halima gets pregnant and suffers Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF) after child delivery; she's consequently abandoned by her husband and discriminated against in the society. Zara (Stephanie Okereke), a medical doctor who also suffered a horrific childhood meets Halima; she tries to help her get through her situation and also save other young women under such circumstance.

Cast

Dryness (taste)

Dryness is a property of alcoholic beverages that describes the lack of a sweet taste. This may be due to a lack of sugars, the presence of some other taste that masks sweetness, or an underabundance of simple carbohydrates that can be converted to sugar by enzymes in the mouth (amylase in particular). The term "dry" may be applied to types of beer, wine, distilled spirits, or any other form of alcoholic beverage.

Contrary to popular belief, in a dry martini "dry" refers to the type of vermouth used, sweet or dry, not the amount of vermouth used in the drink. A dry martini refers to a martini made with dry vermouth and dry gin. A "perfect" martini—or any other cocktail that uses vermouth, such as a Perfect Manhattan—refers to a martini made with equal parts dry and sweet vermouth.

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