Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also called dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratitis sicca, is an eye disease caused by eye dryness, which, in turn, is caused by either decreased tear production or increased tear film evaporation. It is found in humans and some animals. KCS is the most common eye disease, affecting 5 - 6% of the population. Prevalence rises to 6 - 9.8% in postmenopausal women, and as high as 34% in the elderly. The phrase "keratoconjunctivitis sicca" is Latin, and its translation is "dry [inflammation] of the cornea and conjunctiva".

Signs and symptoms

Typical symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca are dryness, burning and a sandy-gritty eye irritation that gets worse as the day goes on. Symptoms may also be described as itchy, scratchy, stingy or tired eyes. Other symptoms are pain, redness, a pulling sensation, and pressure behind the eye. There may be a feeling that something, such as a speck of dirt, is in the eye. The resultant damage to the eye surface increases discomfort and sensitivity to bright light. Both eyes usually are affected.

Dry

Dry or dryness denotes a lack of water. It may also refer to:

Common meanings

Places

People

Art, entertainment, and media

Film

Literature

Music

Techniques

Works

Albums

Songs

Dryness (taste)

Dryness is a property of alcoholic beverages that describes the lack of a sweet taste. This may be due to a lack of sugars, the presence of some other taste that masks sweetness, or an underabundance of simple carbohydrates that can be converted to sugar by enzymes in the mouth (amylase in particular). The term "dry" may be applied to types of beer, wine, distilled spirits, or any other form of alcoholic beverage.

Contrary to popular belief, in a dry martini "dry" refers to the type of vermouth used, sweet or dry, not the amount of vermouth used in the drink. A dry martini refers to a martini made with dry vermouth and dry gin. A "perfect" martini—or any other cocktail that uses vermouth, such as a Perfect Manhattan—refers to a martini made with equal parts dry and sweet vermouth.

References

Dry (rapper)

Landry Delica better known by his stage name Dry (born 19 November 1977) is a French rapper of Congolese origin. He is also known by the aliases "L'Amiral" and "L'Intransférable".

Landry Delica grew up in Sevran in Seine-Saint-Denis, outside of Paris, where he was friends with the rapper Nessbeal before moving in 1991 to Orly in the Val-de-Marne.

In addition to his solo work, Dry is a member of French rap group Intouchable alongside band member Demon One (real name Hakim Sid). He is also part of the French rap collective Mafia K-1 Fry (sometimes stylized as Mafia K'1 Fry) alongside the other Intouchable member Demon One. Intouchable, Dry and Demon One had a lot of collaborations with other members of the collective.

As member of Mafia K-1 Fry, Dry took part in albums by rappers Ideal J, Rohff and 113 before releasing with Intouchable the 2000 album Les points sur les I. In 2004, he took part in the third album Rohff La fierté des nôtres and in the compilation Street Lourd Hall Stars with "La hass" featuring Kamelancien, de Bicêtre -94-, and Rohff. In 2005, Intouchable released their second album La vie de rêve with a joint title "La gagne" featuring Tonton David. Dry has also been featured on a number of Sexion d'Assaut rap band.

Eye

Eyes are the organs of vision. They detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. In higher organisms, the eye is a complex optical system which collects light from the surrounding environment, regulates its intensity through a diaphragm, focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses to form an image, converts this image into a set of electrical signals, and transmits these signals to the brain through complex neural pathways that connect the eye via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain. Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of animal species possess a complex optical system. Image-resolving eyes are present in molluscs, chordates and arthropods.

The simplest "eyes", such as those in microorganisms, do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, which is sufficient for the entrainment of circadian rhythms. From more complex eyes, retinal photosensitive ganglion cells send signals along the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to effect circadian adjustment and to the pretectal area to control the pupillary light reflex.

Bud

In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop flowers or short shoots, or may have the potential for general shoot development. The term bud is also used in zoology, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual.

Overview

The buds of many woody plants, especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection. When the bud develops, the scales may enlarge somewhat but usually just drop off, leaving on the surface of the growing stem a series of horizontally-elongated scars. By means of these scars one can determine the age of any young branch, since each year's growth ends in the formation of a bud, the formation of which produces an additional group of bud scale scars. Continued growth of the branch causes these scars to be obliterated after a few years so that the total age of older branches cannot be determined by this means.

Eye (magazine)

For the Toronto-based weekly see Eye Weekly.

Eye magazine, the international review of graphic design, is a quarterly print magazine on graphic design and visual culture.

History

First published in London in 1990, Eye was founded by Rick Poynor, a prolific writer on graphic design and visual communication. Poynor edited the first twenty-four issues (1990-1997). Max Bruinsma was the second editor, editing issues 25–32 (1997–1999), before its current editor John L. Walters took over in 1999. Stephen Coates was art director for issues 1-26, Nick Bell was art director from issues 27-57, and Simon Esterson has been art director since issue 58.

Frequent contributors include Phil Baines, Steven Heller, Steve Hare, Richard Hollis, Robin Kinross, Jan Middendorp, J. Abbott Miller, John O’Reilly, Rick Poynor, Alice Twemlow, Kerry William Purcell, Steve Rigley, Adrian Shaughnessy, David Thompson, Christopher Wilson and many others.

Other contributors have included Nick Bell (creative director from issues 27-57), Gavin Bryars, Anne Burdick, Brendan Dawes, Simon Esterson (art director since issue 58), Malcolm Garrett, Anna Gerber, Jonathan Jones, Emily King, Ellen Lupton, Russell Mills, Quentin Newark, Tom Phillips, Robin Rimbaud, Stefan Sagmeister, Sue Steward, Erik Spiekermann, Teal Triggs, Val Williams and Judith Williamson.