Permanganate

A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate(VII) ion, (MnO₄⁻). Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the permanganate(VII) ion is a strong oxidizing agent. The ion has tetrahedral geometry. Permanganate solutions are purple in color and are stable in neutral or slightly alkaline media.The exact chemical reaction is dependent upon the organic contaminants present and the oxidant utilized. For example, trichloroethene (C₂HCl₃) is oxidized by sodium permanganate to form carbon dioxide (CO₂), manganese dioxide (MnO₂), sodium ions (Na⁺), hydronium ions (H⁺), and chloride ions (Cl⁻).

In an acidic solution, permanganate(VII) is reduced to the colourless +2 oxidation state of the manganese(II) (Mn²⁺) ion.

In a strongly basic solution, permanganate(VII) is reduced to the green +6 oxidation state of the manganate ion, MnO₄²⁻.

In a neutral medium however, it gets reduced to the brown +4 oxidation state of manganese dioxide MnO₂.

Production

Permanganates can be produced by oxidation of manganese compounds such as manganese chloride or manganese sulfate by strong oxidizing agents, for instance, sodium hypochlorite or lead dioxide:

Manganese(II) oxide

Manganese(II) oxide (systematically named manganese(2+) oxide(2−)) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale as a component of fertilizers and food additives.

Structure, stoichiometry, reactivity

Like many monoxides, MnO adopts the rock salt structure, where cations and anions are both octahedrally coordinated. Also like many oxides, manganese(II) oxide is often nonstoichiometric: its composition can vary from MnO to MnO_1.045.

Below 118 K MnO is antiferromagnetic. MnO has the distinction of being one of the first compounds to have its magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the report appearing in 1951. This study showed that the Mn²⁺ ions form a face centered cubic magnetic sub-lattice where there are ferromagnetically coupled sheets that are anti-parallel with adjacent sheets.

Manganese(II) oxide undergoes the chemical reactions typical of an ionic oxide. Upon treatment with acids, it converts to the corresponding manganese(II) salt and water. Oxidation of manganese(II) oxide gives manganese(III) oxide.

Drive (Béla Fleck album)

Drive is an album by American banjoist Béla Fleck. The album was produced toward the end of Fleck's New Grass Revival career and before the Flecktones were formed and included an all-star list of bluegrass performers.

Track listing

All tracks written by Béla Fleck

Bonus track on the SACD version*

Personnel

References

Glossary of baseball (D)

D

daisy cutter

dance

dark one

dead arm

dead ball

Dead Ball Era

dead pull hitter

dead red

deal

decided in the last at bat

deep in the count

defensive efficiency rating

defensive indifference

deliver

designated hitter

deuce

deuces wild

Melanie Blatt

Melanie Blatt (born 25 March 1975) is an English singer-songwriter and actress. She is also the daughter of author and travel expert David Blatt. She rose to fame in 1997 as a member of the BRIT Award-winning girl group All Saints. The group have gained five number one singles, two multi-platinum albums, two BRIT Awards and have sold over 10 million records worldwide making them one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, and the second best-selling girl group in the UK. Melanie Blatt began recording a solo album in 2003, working with numerous producers including Xenomania and released her debut solo single "Do Me Wrong" in 2003. Blatt was later dropped by her record label, and her solo album was cancelled. In 2005, she made a return to music with her single "See Me", and began recording another album independently which was later shelved and cancelled in favour of the All Saints reunion. Starting in 2013, she was a judge on the television series The X Factor NZ.

Early life