Protein domain

A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural domains. One domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. Domains vary in length from between about 25 amino acids up to 500 amino acids in length. The shortest domains such as zinc fingers are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.

Background

The concept of the domain was first proposed in 1973 by Wetlaufer after X-ray crystallographic studies of hen lysozyme and papain and by limited proteolysis studies of immunoglobulins. Wetlaufer defined domains as stable units of protein structure that could fold autonomously. In the past domains have been described as units of:

Domain

Domain may refer to:

Information technology

Domain wall

A domain wall is a type of topological soliton that occurs whenever a discrete symmetry is spontaneously broken. Domain walls also sometimes called kinks in analogy with closely related kink solution of the sine-Gordon model. Unstable domain walls can also appear if spontaneously broken discrete symmetry is approximate and there is the metastable vacuum.

A domain (hyper volume) is extended in three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. A domain wall is the boundary between two neighboring domains. Thus a domain wall is extended in two spatial dimensions and one time dimension.

Important examples are:

Besides these important cases similar solitons appear in wide spectrum of the models. Here are other examples:

Domain (band)

Domain is a German power metal band.

History

1986–1992

Domain first impressed fans of melodic metal back in the 1980s with their first works, "Lost In The City" (still under the old band name Kingdom), "Before The Storm" and "Crack in The Wall", as well as with their hit songs such as 'Lost In The City' and ‚ 'I Don’t Wanna Die'. Single "Heart Of Stone was a title song of german mini-serial "Bastard".

2000–2006

But it was their next albums, "One Million Lightyears From Home" (2001), "The Artefact" (2002) and "The Sixth Dimension" (2003) as well as a successful tour with the rock legends, Glenn Hughes and Joe Lynn Turner (HTP) that secured the quintet a place in the European Melodic Metal scene. With a harder edged sound, Domain still had a good following. And that was when the career of the guitarist Axel "Ironfinger" Ritt (Grave Digger), ex-vocalist Carsten Lizard Schulz (Evidence One et al.), and the long-term band mates keyboarder Erdmann Lange, ex-bass player Jochen Mayer (Boysvoice, Demon Drive, Casanova) and the ex-drummer Stefan Köllner really began…