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Dmanisi skull 5

The Dmanisi skull, also known as Skull 5 or D4500, is one of five Homo erectus skulls discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia. Described in a publication in October 2013, it is believed to be about 1.8 million years old and is the most complete skull of a Pleistocene Homo species, and the first complete adult hominin skull of that degree of antiquity. According to researchers, the discovery "provides the first evidence that early Homo comprised adult individuals with small brains but body mass, stature and limb proportions reaching the lower range limit of modern variation."

The skull has been the cause of a paleontological controversy that is still ongoing as of 2014: many hominin fossils thought to be from different species such as Homo rudolfensis or Homo habilis may not have been separate species at all. Rather, they may have been a single evolving lineage.

Discovery of the skull

In 1991, Georgian scientist David Lordkipanidze found traces of early human occupation in the cave at Dmanisi in Georgia: a hamlet and an archaeological site about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of the country's capital, Tbilisi. Since then, five early hominin skulls have been discovered at the site. Skull 5, found in 2005, is the most complete specimen of them all. After further analysis, it was coupled with its mandible (D2600) found 5 years earlier. The final analysis of the discovery took many years and was only published in 2013.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Dmanisi_skull_5

Dmanisi skull 3

D2700, also known as Skull 3, is the catalogue number of a fossilized Homo georgicus skull which was discovered in 2001 in Dmanisi, Georgia. It is an almost complete skull and is in an exceptionally good condition.

Since the publication of the Dmanisi skull 5 in 2013, all of the five Dmanisi skulls (Skull 3 included) are involved in a paleontological controversy: many hominin fossils thought to be of different species, such as Homo ergaster or Homo habilis, may not be separate species after all. Most human ancestors were possibly one evolving lineage.

Discovery

D2700 and D2735 were found in 2001, just a decade later after the first discovery of an early hominin mandible D211 at Dmanisi on September 24, 1991. In 1999, partial crania D2280 and D2282 were discovered. Cranium D2282 is likely the accompanying skull to mandible D211 and to be the remains of a young adult around 18–20 years old. Skull D2280 is inferred to have been an adult around 25–30 years old at the time of death. Moreover, in 2005, a new complete skull cranium was found: D4500. This cranium is inferred to be an adult skull and is more commonly known as “Skull 5.” D4500’s features are very rare compared to early Homo in that it had a small braincase yet an unusually large prognathic face. “Skull 5” has an accompanying mandible, D2600, which was found in 2000.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Dmanisi_skull_3

Dmanisi skull 4

The Dmanisi skull 4, also known as D3444 with its mandible D3900, is one of five Homo erectus skulls discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia. Described in a publication in October 2006, it is believed to be about 1.8 million years old. The five Dmanisi skulls are the five oldest hominins ever found outside Africa, thereby doubling the presumed age of the human migration outside the continent.

Since the publication of the Dmanisi skull 5 in 2013, all five Dmanisi skulls have been in the middle of an paleontological controversy: many hominin fossils thought to be different species, such as Homo ergaster or Homo habilis may not have been separate species. Most human ancestors were quite possibly a single evolving lineage. (See Dmanisi skull 5.)

Description of the skull

Skull 4 and its mandible were discovered during the 2002–2003 excavations at Dmanisi. The cranial capacity is between 625 cubic centimetres (38.1 in³) and 650 cubic centimetres (40 in³). This imprecision is due to a missing part at the cranial base.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Dmanisi_skull_4

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Dmanisi

Dmanisi (Georgian: დმანისი) is a townlet and archaeological site in the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia approximately 93 km southwest of the nation’s capital Tbilisi in the river valley of Mashavera. The hominin site is the earliest of its kind outside of Africa, dating back to 1.81 Ma.

A Dmanisi human skull from Georgia implies all early Homo species were one. Also known as Skull 5, the Dmanisi human skull is the fifth skull to be discovered in Dmanisi.

History

The town of Dmanisi is first mentioned in the 9th century as a possession of the Arab emirate of Tbilisi, though the area had been settled since the Early Bronze Age. An Orthodox Christian cathedral – “Dmansis Sioni” – was built there in the 6th century. Located on the confluence of trading routes and cultural influences, Dmanisi was of particular importance, growing into a major commercial center of medieval Georgia. The town was conquered by the Seljuk Turks in the 1080s, but was later liberated by the Georgian kings David the Builder and Demetrios I between 1123 and 1125. The Turco-Mongol armies under Timur laid waste to the town in the 14th century. Sacked again by the Turkomans in 1486, Dmanisi never recovered and declined to a scarcely inhabited village by the 18th century. The castle was controlled by the House of Orbeliani.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Dmanisi

Radio Stations - Dmanisi

RADIO STATION	GENRE	LOCATION
Radio Soma Abkhazia	Adult	Georgia
Radio Tbilisuri	Classical	Georgia
Voice of Abkhazia	Varied	Georgia
Georgian Radio Company Nostalgia	90s	Georgia
Radio Imedi 105.9FM Tbilisi	Varied	Georgia

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Latest News for: dmanisi skull

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5 of the oldest human fossils ever found and the fascinating stories behind them

The Times of India 14 Mar 2025

... site in Georgia became famous in the early 2000s with the discovery of five ancient skulls ... The Dmanisi skulls are significant because they challenge previous ideas about early human classification.

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Meet ‘Pink’, the new face of human evolution in Europe

Taipei Times 13 Mar 2025

... 18, 2013, shows David Lordkipanidze, director of the Georgian National Museum, holding a well-preserved skull from 1.8 million years ago found in the remains of a medieval hilltop city in Dmanisi.

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Oldest human facial remains in western Europe discovered

Israel Hayom 13 Mar 2025

Early humans reached Eurasia from Africa at least 1.8 million years ago, as evidenced by five skulls from that period found in Dmanisi, Georgia. These skulls are linked to Homo erectus, the earliest human species known to have migrated out of Africa.

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1.4 million-year-old cheekbones of mysterious human relative rewrite history

Interesting Engineering 13 Mar 2025

Homo erectus, the first early human species to leave Africa, reached Eurasia at least 1.8 million years ago, as evidenced by five skulls found in Dmanisi, Georgia ... “Cara oculta” means “hidden face”. Sima del Elefante ... erectus face was discovered ... .

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Bone fragments of oldest known human face in western Europe found in Spain

AOL 12 Mar 2025

Early humans reached Eurasia from Africa at least 1.8m years ago, as evidenced by five skulls dating from the period in Dmanisi in Georgia. The skulls are attributed to Homo erectus, the first early human species to have left the African continent ... .

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Dmanisi skull 5

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Latest News for: dmanisi skull

5 of the oldest human fossils ever found and the fascinating stories behind them

Meet ‘Pink’, the new face of human evolution in Europe

Oldest human facial remains in western Europe discovered

1.4 million-year-old cheekbones of mysterious human relative rewrite history

Bone fragments of oldest known human face in western Europe found in Spain

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