Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macroscopic single crystals are usually identifiable by their geometrical shape, consisting of flat faces with specific, characteristic orientations.
The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is known as crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. The word crystal is derived from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος (krustallos), meaning both “ice” and “rock crystal”, from κρύος (kruos), "icy cold, frost".
Examples of large crystals include snowflakes, diamonds, and table salt. Most inorganic solids are not crystals but polycrystals, i.e. many microscopic crystals fused together into a single solid. Examples of polycrystals include most metals, rocks, ceramics, and ice. A third category of solids is amorphous solids, where the atoms have no periodic structure whatsoever. Examples of amorphous solids include glass, wax, and many plastics.
Crystal (disambiguation)
Crystal is a form of matter significant in chemistry and mineralogy.
Crystal may also refer to:
Companies and brands
Places
People
Physical sciences
Crystal (software)
CRYSTAL is a quantum chemistry ab initio program, designed primarily for calculations on crystals (3 dimensions), slabs (2 dimensions) and polymers (1 dimension) using translational symmetry, but it can also be used for single molecules. It is written by V.R. Saunders, R. Dovesi, C. Roetti, R. Orlando, C.M. Zicovich-Wilson, N.M. Harrison, K. Doll, B. Civalleri, I.J. Bush, Ph. D’Arco, and M. Llunell from Theoretical Chemistry Group at the University of Torino and the Computational Materials Science Group at the Daresbury Laboratory near Warrington in Cheshire, England. The current version is CRYSTAL14, released in June 2014. Earlier versions were CRYSTAL88, CRYSTAL92, CRYSTAL95, CRYSTAL98, CRYSTAL03, CRYSTAL06, and CRYSTAL09.
Features
Hamiltonians
- Restricted
- Unrestricted
- Local functionals [L] and gradient-corrected functionals [G]
- Slater (LDA) [L]
- von Barth-Hedin (VBH) [L]
- Becke '88 (BECKE) [G]
- Perdew-Wang '91 (PWGGA) [G]
- Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) [G]
- Revised PBE functional for solids (PBEsol) [G]
- Second-order expansion GGA for solids (SOGGA) [G]
- Wu-Cohen '06 (WCGGA) [G]
Podcasts:
DJ Crystl
ALBUMS
- The No.1 Drum & Bass Album released: 2008
- AnotherLateNight: Kid Loco released: 2003
- Absolute Old Skool Classics released: 2002
- The Old Skool Masters, Round 3 released: 2002
- Slammin' Vinyl Present Absolute Oldskool Classics released: 2002
- Muzik Classics: Drum & Bass released: 1998
- The Ultimate Drum & Bass Album, Part 2 released: 1998
- 183 released: 1997
- Promised Land, Volume 3 released: 1997
- Doppler F ACT: The Eclectic Mix Session released: 1997
- Earth, Volume Two released: 1997
- Foundations: Coming Up From the Streets released: 1997
- Promised Land, Volume Two released: 1997
- Breakbeat Massive released: 1997
- Promised Land, Volume One released: 1996
- Tribal Gathering '96 released: 1996
- Logical Progression released: 1996
- Textures released: 1996
- Special Brew released: 1996
- Ruff & Ready Volume 1 released: 1995
- The Ultimate Drum & Bass Collection released: 1995
- Hardstep Upfront Jungle Compilation, Volume 1 released: 1995
- Jungle Bizznizz, Volume One released: 1995
- Jungle Fever, Volume 2 (mixed by Bassface Sascha) released: 1995
- Counterforce: A Collection of Deep Beats released: 1995
- JDJ: Journeys Through the Land of Drum 'n' Bass: DJ Rap released: 1995
- Artcore: Ambient/Jungle released: 1995
- Trance Europe Express 4 released: 1995
- Counterforce - A Collection Of Sequenced Deep Beats released: 1994
- Drum & Bass Selection 1 released: 1994
- Two on One Issue 2 released: 1994
- Jungle Massive: Collective 2 released: 1994
- Speed Limit 140 bpm + Four released: 1994
AnotherLateNight: Kid Loco
Released 2003- Mizrab
- Hard Stuff
- Ancoats 2 Zambia (Geoff Barrow mix)
- Religion l
- Uplink
- Barcelone
- Cold Spin
- Fall Break
- Nana Reprise
- Tubular Belgian in My Goldfield
- Summer Love (Beyond There mix)
- So Blue Its Black (Heavy Manners mix)
- 183 (Head Nod)
- Top Dog (New version)
- Wade in Water / Soldiers Sweetheart
- Lilly Hall
- The Domino Boys
- Street Preacher
- Spooked
- Paralysed
- Attitudes
- Rashida
- Peepshow, Part 4 (feat. Sir Patrick Moore)
Special Brew
Released 1996- Numb (Gimme Some More Dignity mix)
- One to One Religion (DJ Pogo mix)
- Army of Me (ABA All Stars mix)
- Release Yo' Delf (Prodigy remix)
- Voodoo People (Dust Brothers remix)
- Hot Flush (Sabers of Paridise remix)
- Chemical Beats (Junior Boys Own)
- A Sense of Rage (Sensual V.I.P. mix)
- Protection (Underdog's Angel Dust mix)
- The Ramblings of a Mad Man
- Wild Wood (Paul Weller vs. Portishead mix)
- Cry
JDJ: Journeys Through the Land of Drum 'n' Bass: DJ Rap
Released 1995- Sacred Cycles
- Lonely
- Dream Sequence
- Music Box
- Yeah Yeah
- Fresh Jive
- Desire
- Groundhog Day (remix)
- Voyager
- The Wonders of Wishing
- Eden
- D-Pressed
- All You Wanted
- Digable Bass (remix)
- Silent Voice
- Kid Caprice
- Rollers Music
- Maxi(Mun) Style
- Droppin' Science
- Spiritual Aura
- A Better Place (Bay B Kane remix)
- Papua New Guinea
- Shaker Song
- Let It Roll
- Deep Into the Jungle
- Dream State (Shy FX remix)
Artcore: Ambient/Jungle
Released 1995- Greater Love (T-Power Retro Grade 'n' Motion mix)
- Living for the Future
- We Enter (Deep Forest Dub VIP mix)
- Tranquility (Exclusive Teknarchi remix)
- Jazz Note
- Jazz Juice
- Currents
- Sweet Dreams
- Soothe My Soul (Blame remix)
- Dance of the Sarooes
- Atmosphere (Alex Reece remix)
- Sparkling (Exclusive mix)
- Amenity (Chameleon remix)
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