Dhol (Kirat)

Dhol is the drum looking like traditional musical instrument mostly used by Kirat community in eastern Nepal. Its purpose is similar while comparing with other cultures around the world but significantly differs the looks and the process involved in making of it.

References

Dhol

Dhol (Hindi: ढोल, Punjabi: ਢੋਲ, Urdu: ڈھول‎, Assamese: ঢোল, Gujarati: ઢોલ, Marathi: ढोल, Bengali: ঢোল) can refer to any one of a number of similar types of double-headed drum widely used, with regional variations, throughout the Indian subcontinent. Its range of distribution in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan primarily includes northern areas such as the Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Kashmir, Sindh, Assam Valley, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Konkan and Goa, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The range stretches westward as far as eastern Afghanistan. The Punjabi dhol is perhaps best known abroad due to its prominent place in the rhythm of popular Punjabi bhangra music.

Someone who plays the dhol is known as dholi (Punjabi: ਢੋਲੀ) or dhuliya (Assamese: ঢুলীয়া).

Construction

The dhol is a double-sided barrel drum played mostly as an accompanying instrument in regional music forms. In qawwali music, the term dhol is used to describe a similar, but smaller drum used with the smaller tabla, as a replacement for the left hand tabla drum. The typical sizes of the drum vary slightly from region to region. In Punjab, the dhol remains large and bulky to produce the preferred loud bass. In other regions, dhols can be found in varying shapes and sizes and made with different woods and materials (fiberglass, steel, plastic). The drum consists of a wooden barrel with animal hide or synthetic skin stretched over its open ends, covering them completely. These skins can be stretched or loosened with a tightening mechanism made up of either interwoven ropes, or nuts and bolts. Tightening or loosening the skins subtly alters the pitch of the drum sound. The stretched skin on one of the ends is thicker and produces a deep, low frequency (higher bass) sound and the other thinner one produces a higher frequency sound. Dhols with synthetic, or plastic, treble skins are common.

Dhool

Dhool (English: Super) is a 2003 Tamil action film directed by Dharani. The film featured Vikram, Jyothika and Reemma Sen in the lead roles, while Vivek, Sayaji Shinde, Telangana Sakunthala and Pasupathy among others play supporting roles. The film, produced by A. M. Rathnam at a cost of ₹7 crore, had music composed by Vidyasagar and released in January 2003 to positive reviews and was a huge commercial success. This film had 175 days theatrical run. It was dubbed into Malayalam with same title. The film is still considered as a cult masala entertainer. It was remade in Telugu as Veede (2003) and in Sinhala as Ranja (2014).

Plot

Arumugham (Vikram) is an uneducated, good hearted, helpful village hick. Easwari (Jyothika) is his childhood enemy who argues with him about almost everything. A chemical factory in the village pollutes the local river and when all attempts to stop the factory waste from going to the drinking water falls flat, the villagers decide to send Arumugham to Chennai and meet the concerned minister who has won from their constituency. He sets out for the city with Easwari and her grandmother and they stay with Arumugham's friend (Vivek) and gang. Swapna (Reema Sen) is a model who stays in the same area and she lusts after Arumugham. They meet the Minister (Sayaji Shinde) who is extremely nice to them and promises to help them. Soon Arumugham is forced by circumstances to fight against an anti-social gang with a lady boss. An honest police officer (Manoj K Jayan) tries to collect evidence against the criminal gang. When Arumugham realizes that the bad guys are the henchmen of the same Minister who is behind all the crimes! He starts beating the Minister with his intelligence and plans. Ultimately he solves his village's problem and at the same time kills the Minister.

Dhol (film)

Dhol (Hindi: ढोल; English: Drum) is a 2007 Bollywood comedy film directed by Priyadarshan, and produced under the Percept Picture Company. The film stars Sharman Joshi, Tusshar Kapoor, Kunal Khemu, Rajpal Yadav, Arbaaz Khan and Tanushree Dutta in lead roles. The movie is a remake of 1990 Malayalam film In Harihar Nagar written by Siddique-Lal which was already remade in Hindi in 1993 as Parda Hai Parda starring Chunky Pandey. The film released on 21 September 2007, and received mixed response from critics as well as public upon release; however, it was a moderate box office success.

Plot

Pankaj (Sharman Joshi), Sameer (Tusshar Kapoor), Martand (Rajpal Yadav) and Gautam (Kunal Khemu) are bound together by their ambition to make it big in life with the least effort possible. Each one tries his hand at finding a short cut to success but ends up being in even deeper trouble. Things get worse when the four decide to take some desperate measures to end their misery once and for all.

They believe that the only way to get rich without working hard is to marry a wealthy girl. As luck would have it, a rich girl Ritu (Tanushree Dutta) arrives in their neighborhood. All four set out with their individual plans to marry her but end up discovering a shocking truth. Ritu came to the city to find about her brother's killers. All four of them try to impress Ritu's grand parents but all their tricks turn on themselves.The four friends set out in their individual plans to marry Ritu but end up discovering a spine-chilling truth. This leads to much confusion, creating hilarious twists and turns, along with an element of thrill, crime, murder and suspense.

Kirati people

The Kirat or Kirati or Kiranti or Kirant people are indigenous ethnic groups of the Himalayas extending eastward from Nepal into India, Bangladesh, Burma and beyond.

They migrated to their present locations via Assam, Burma, Tibet and Yunnan in ancient times. Broadly speaking, the Kirat people include the Sunwar, Yakkha, Rai and Limbu, few segments of the Dewan, Bahing, Kulung and speakers of Khaling, Bantawa, Chamling, Thulung, and Jerung; and other related ethnic groups.

Modern ethnic groups

In Nepal the Kiranti people and languages between the rivers Likhu and Arun, including some small groups east of the Arun, are usually referred to as the Rai people, which is a geographic grouping rather than a genetic grouping.

Although only the Sunwar, who inhabit the region westward of River Sun Koshi, the Khumbu (also known as Rai), the Limbu (also known as Yakthumba or Subba) and the Yakkha (also known as Dewan or Zimdar) are generally called Kirati, the vast majority of ethnic people of the region eastward of Nepal also call themselves Kirati. Their languages belong to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages.

Kirant Mundhum

Kirat Mundhum (also Kirati Mundum), also called Kiratism or Kirantism or simply Mundum, is the religion of the Kiratis: Limbu, Rai, Sunuwar and Yakkha peoples of Nepal, India, Myanmar and now practiced in the UK, China, USA and many other countries. The practice is also known as Kirat Veda,Kirat-Ko Veda or Kirat Ko Ved. According to some scholars, such as Tom Woodhatch, it is a blend of animism (e.g., ancestor worshiping of Sumnima and Paruhang),Saivism, and Tibetan Buddhism. It is practiced by about 3.1% of the Nepali population. Before it was recognized as a religion on the Nepali census, 36% of the Kirati population claimed to follow the Kirant religion, but when it was recognized this figure increased to 73.9%, a 157% increase in the Nepali Kiratis.

The Limbu people have their own distinct form of Kirat Mundhum, known as Yumaˀ Samyo or Yumaism; they venerate supreme goddess called Tagera Ningwaˀphuma.

Mundhum

Mundhum (also known as Peylan) is the religious scripture and folk literature of the Kirat people of Nepal, central to Kirat Mundhum. All four Kirats (Limbu, Rai, Sunuwar and Yakkha) have slightly different Mundhum. Mundhum means "the power of great strength" in the Kirati language. The Mundhum covers many aspects of the Kirat culture, customs and traditions that existed before Vedic civilisation in South Asia.

Kirat (disambiguation)

Kirat may refer to:

Several terms related to the Kirat, Kirant, Kiranti people of Assam and Nepal and historical peoples

In Sikhism

In Arabic: