Department of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for issues dealing with immigration, refugees, and citizenship. The department was established in 1994 following a reorganization within the federal government, and was renamed from Citizenship and Immigration Canada to its current name with the swearing in of the 29th ministry in 2015.

History

Prior to 1994, immigration was placed under several ministries:

After the 2015 federal election and the swearing in of Justin Trudeau's 29th ministry in November 2015, the name was changed from Citizenship and Immigration Canada to its current name.

Department

Department may refer to:

Government and military

United States federal executive departments

The United States federal executive departments are among the oldest primary units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States—the Departments of State, War, and the Treasury all having been established within a few weeks of each other in 1789.

Federal executive departments are analogous to ministries common in parliamentary or semi-presidential systems but, with the United States being a presidential system, their heads otherwise equivalent to ministers, do not form a government (in a parliamentary sense) nor are they led by a head of government separate from the head of state. The heads of the federal executive departments, known as secretaries of their respective department, form the traditional Cabinet of the United States, an executive organ that serves at the disposal of the president and normally act as an advisory body to the presidency.

Since 1792, by statutory specification, the cabinet constituted a line of succession to the presidency, after the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate, in the event of a vacancy in both the presidency and the vice presidency. The Constitution refers to these officials when it authorizes the President, in Article II, section 2, to "require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices." In brief, they and their organizations are the administrative arms of the President.

Department (country subdivision)

Department (French: département, Spanish: departamento) is the name given to the administrative and political subdivisions of many countries. Departments are the first-level subdivisions of eleven countries, nine in the Americas and two in Africa. An additional ten countries use departments as second-level subdivisions, eight in Africa, one in the Americas, and one in Europe.

As a territorial unit, "department" was first used by the French Revolutionary governments, apparently to emphasize that each territory was simply an administrative sub-division of the united sovereign nation. (The term "department", in other contexts, means an administrative sub-division of a larger organization.) This attempt to de-emphasize local political identity contrasts strongly with countries which are divided into "states" (implying local sovereignty).

The division of France into departments was a project particularly identified with the French revolutionary leader the Abbé Sieyès, although it had already been frequently discussed and written about by many politicians and thinkers. The earliest known suggestion of it is from 1764 in the writings of d'Argenson.

Canadian nationality law

Canadian nationality law determines who is eligible to be a citizen of Canada. Canadian nationality is typically obtained by birth in Canada, birth abroad when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen or by adoption by at least one Canadian citizen. It can also be granted to a permanent resident who has lived in Canada for a period of time.

History of British subject into Canadian citizenship

After Canadian Confederation was achieved in 1867, the new Dominion's "nationality law" initially closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom and all Canadians were classified as "British subjects". Section 91(25) of the "British North America Act", 1867, passed by the British Parliament in London (now referred to as the "Constitution Act", 1867), however, gave the Parliament of Canada authority over "Naturalization and Aliens". The "Immigration Act", 1910, for example, created the status of "Canadian citizen". This distinguished those "British subjects" who were born, naturalized, or domiciled in Canada from those who were not, but was only applied for the purpose of determining whether someone was free of immigration controls. The Naturalization Act, 1914, increased the period of residence required to qualify for naturalization in Canada as a "British subject" from three years to five years. A separate additional status of "Canadian national" was created under the Canadian Nationals Act, 1921, in order that Canada could participate in international forces or military expeditions separately from Britain.

Refugees (Embrace song)

"Refugees" is a song written by Danny McNamara and Richard McNamara of the English alternative rock band Embrace. The song was originally recorded by the band as a track for their eponymous sixth studio album, Embrace, where it appears as the third track on the album. "Refugees" was first released as the Embrace track, but debuting on the namesake seventh extended play, Refugees, which was released in promotion of Embrace two months prior. It appears as the opening track on the EP. A "Refugees" promotional single, boasting a radio edit of the song, was sent to UK Modern rock radio in January 2014, in promotion of both Refugees and Embrace.

Music video

A music video for "Refugees" was premiered on 13 January 2014 on video hosting service Vevo. The 5-minute video, directed by Richard McNamara and starring the McNamara brothers, was released parallel to the official announcement of Refugees and Embrace.

Track listing

Personnel

Adapted from Refugees liner notes.

Release history

Shameless (season 6)

The sixth season of Shameless, based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, is an American drama television series premiered on January 10, 2016. Executive producers are John Wells, Andrew Stearn, Nancy M. Pimental, Davey Holmes, Christopher Chulack, Krista Vernoff and producer Michael Hissrich.

Cast and characters

Main

Special guest stars

Recurring