Unix filesystem

In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system. It was also one of the first parts of the system to be designed and implemented by Ken Thompson in the first experimental version of Unix, dated 1969.

Like in other operating systems, the filesystem provides information storage and retrieval, as well as interprocess communication, in the sense that the many small programs that traditionally comprise a Unix system can store information in files so that other programs can read these, although pipes complemented it in this role starting with the Third Edition. Additionally, the filesystem provides access to other resources through so-called device files that are entry points to terminals, printers, and mice.

The rest of this article uses "Unix" as a generic name to refer to both the original Unix operating system as well as its many workalikes.

Principles

The filesystem appears as a single rooted tree of directories. Instead of addressing separate volumes such as disk partitions, removable media, and network shares as separate trees (as done in MS-DOS and Windows: each "drive" has a drive letter that denotes the root of its file system tree), such volumes can be "mounted" on a directory, causing the volume's file system tree to appear as that directory in the larger tree. The root of the entire tree is denoted /.

BIN

Bin and similar can mean:

bin

"bin" can mean:

Computing

People

Places

Science and mathematics

Bin (computational geometry)

In computational geometry, the bin is a data structure which allows efficient region queries. Each time a data point falls into a bin, the frequency of that bin is increased by one.

For example, if there are some axis-aligned rectangles on a 2D plane, answers the question: "Given a query rectangle, what are the rectangles intersecting it?". In the example in the figure, A, B, C, D, E and F are existing rectangles, the query with the rectangle Q should return C, D, E and F, if we define all rectangles as closed intervals.

The data structure partitions a region of the 2D plane into uniform-sized bins. The bounding box of the bins encloses all candidate rectangles to be queried. All the bins are arranged in a 2D array. All the candidates are represented also as 2D arrays. The size of a candidate's array is the number of bins it intersects. For example, in the figure, candidate B has 6 elements arranged in a 3 row by 2 column array because it intersects 6 bins in such an arrangement. Each bin contains the head of a singly linked list. If a candidate intersects a bin, it is chained to the bin's linked list. Each element in a candidate's array is a link node in the corresponding bin's linked list.

Ich

Ich may refer to:

Ich (album)

Ich (German for I or Me) is the second album by Sido. After two weeks of release (on 4 December 2006), it reached gold status. The album climbed to number 4 in the albums chart.

Track listing

End of year charts

References

Caspase 4

Caspase 4 is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins at an aspartic acid residue (LEVD-), and belongs to a family of cysteine proteases called caspases. The function of caspase 4 is not fully known, but it is believed to be an inflammatory caspase, along with caspase 1, caspase 5 (and the murine homolog caspase 11), with a role in the immune system.

See also

References

External links

Éder (Italian footballer)

Éder Citadin Martins, simply known as Éder (born 15 November 1986), is a Brazilian-born Italian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Italian club Internazionale, on loan from Sampdoria, and for the Italian national team.

A Brazilian of Italian descent, he made his debut for Italy in March 2015, and scored two goals in their successful qualification campaign for UEFA Euro 2016.

Club career

Frosinone

Éder signed for Frosinone in a co-ownership deal for a fee of €600,000 in June 2008 following a loan spell during the second half of the 2007–08 Serie B season.

Return to Empoli

Empoli bought back Éder from Frosinone in June 2009 for €2.42 million following an impressive Serie B season from the striker. He scored 4 goals in one Serie B game on 15 April 2010, two of which were penalties, in a 5–2 victory for Empoli over Salernitana.

Brescia

On 20 August 2010, he signed a 1+4 year contract with Serie A newcomers Brescia, for an undisclosed fee, meaning that Éder would join Brescia on loan for the first year. Brescia later revealed in its financial report that the loan fee was €1.8 million.