Dhar (surname)

Dhar (Kashmiri: धर (Devanagari), دھر (Nastaleeq)), also spelled Dar (Kashmiri: डार (Devanagari), ڈار (Nastaleeq)), is a Kashmiri surname (kram), of Brahmin origin, found among individuals native to the Kashmir Valley of India, as well as Kashmiri émigrés who have migrated to the Punjab, a region divided between India and neighbouring Pakistan. The caste name is shared among both Hindus and Muslims. The Dhar kram originates from the honorific given to a village head, strongman or a warlord of a jagir. This honorific was prevalent during the 12th Century A.D. and remained in vogue up until the 14th Century A.D. In antiquity, many Dhars migrated to Gauda, and a large amount later returned to the Kashmir Valley. Nevertheless, to this day, there are many Dhars who are found in that region of Bengal, they belong to different castes (mainly Kayastha and Baniks and sometimes Brahmin or Baidya).

History and origins

The Dhar kram originates from the honorific given to a village head, strongman or a warlord of a jagir. This title was often used in the 12th century and stayed fashionable up until the 14th century. In antiquity, many Dhars migrated to Gauda, and a large amount later returned to the Kashmir Valley. Nevertheless, to this day, there are many Dhars who are found in that region of Bengal.

DAAR

DAAR may refer to:

Rum

Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane byproducts, such as molasses, or directly from sugarcane juice, by a process of fermentation and distillation. The distillate, a clear liquid, is then usually aged in oak barrels.

The majority of the world's rum production occurs in the Caribbean and Latin America. Rum is also produced in Austria, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Philippines, India, Reunion Island, Mauritius, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, the United States and Canada.

Rums are produced in various grades. Light rums are commonly used in cocktails, whereas "golden" and "dark" rums were typically consumed straight or neat, on the rocks, or used for cooking, but are now commonly consumed with mixers. Premium rums are also available, made to be consumed either straight or iced.

Rum plays a part in the culture of most islands of the West Indies as well as in The Maritimes and Newfoundland. This beverage has famous associations with the Royal Navy (where it was mixed with water or beer to make grog) and piracy (where it was consumed as bumbo). Rum has also served as a popular medium of economic exchange, used to help fund enterprises such as slavery (see Triangular trade), organized crime, and military insurgencies (e.g., the American Revolution and Australia's Rum Rebellion).

Rumā

Rumā was the wife of Sugrīva. She is mentioned in Book IV (Kishkindha Kanda) of Ramayana. Ruma was taken away from Sugrīva by Vāli following the strife of two royal Vānara brothers. Later, the fact of Rumā being withheld by Vāli became the primary justification of Rama's slaying Vāli and helping Sugrīva to become the sovereign of Kishkindha. When accused by Vāli of lowly, treacherous and unexpected assassination from the shades by Rama's arrow, Rāma says his assassination was a just punishment for the sin Vāli committed when he robbed Sugrīva of Rumā, his legally wedded spouse, and used her for his own pleasure.

References

Årum

Årum is a village in the north-eastern part of Fredrikstad municipality, Norway.

Coordinates: 59°16′N 11°07′E / 59.267°N 11.117°E / 59.267; 11.117