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Duffy antigen system

Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC), also known as Fy glycoprotein (FY) or CD234 (Cluster of Differentiation 234), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DARC gene.

The Duffy antigen is located on the surface of red blood cells, and is named after the patient in which it was discovered. The protein encoded by this gene is a glycosylated membrane protein and a non-specific receptor for several chemokines. The protein is also the receptor for the human malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. Polymorphisms in this gene are the basis of the Duffy blood group system.

History

It was noted in the 1920s that black Africans had some intrinsic resistance to infection with malaria, but the basis for this remained unknown. The Duffy antigen gene was the fourth gene associated with the resistance after the genes responsible for sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

In 1950, the Duffy antigen was discovered in a multiply-transfused hemophiliac whose serum contained the first example of anti-Fya antibody. In 1951, the antibody to a second antigen, Fyb, was discovered in serum. Using these two antibodies, three common phenotypes were defined: Fy(a+b+), Fy(a+b-), and Fy(a-b+).

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Chaos

by: Tricky

(Tricky and A. Smith -> Aka Ambersunshower ) ...
Ambersunshower :
She's been waiting for that special someone
Anguished by the tears left behind them
Fortifying all that lying
Putrid taste left in her mouth
Chorus :
(Ambersunshower sings while Tricky raps)
Ambersunshower :
Follow me, follow me
Down
Follow me, follow me
Down
Tricky :
Yeah, c'mon
Let's do the maniac
Maniac, bumping like a brainiac
Brainiac, I don't remember [?]
Land me down, touch me down at heathrow
Reach down, the first time I ever feel
Bouncers [face?] on 57th st
Calm down, I feel a cool breeze and
Not particular
I think I found a reason
[For I saw?] what I saw
Ambersunshower :
She's been waiting for that special someone
But then look what she's got left
Fortifying all that lyingputrid taste left in her mouth
Chorus :
(Ambersunshower sings while Tricky raps)
Ambersunshower :
Follow me, follow me
Down
Follow me, follow me
Down
Tricky :
Yeah, c'mon
Let's do the maniac
Maniac, bumping like a brainiac
Brainiac, I don't remember [?]
Land me down, touch me down at heathrow
Reach down, the first time I ever feel
Bouncers [face?] on 57th st
Calm down, I feel a cool breeze and
Not particular
I think I found a reason
[For I saw?] what I saw
A: contamination cramps the surface
blood runs cooler than you flow
she is hiding smiles behind whispers and tears
chaos reaches higher ground
Ambersunshower :
Chaos, chaos, chaos
Ambersunshower :
Follow me, follow me
Down
Follow me, follow me
Down




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