C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) also known as B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL13 gene.[1][2]
Function [link]
CXCL13 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. As its name suggests, this chemokine is selectively chemotactic for B cells belonging to both the B-1 and B-2 subsets, and elicits its effects by interacting with chemokine receptor CXCR5.[1][3] CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 control the organization of B cells within follicles of lymphoid tissues.[4] and is expressed highly in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and gut of humans.[1] The gene for CXCL13 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.[2]
In T-lymphocytes, CXCL13 expression is thought to reflect a germinal center origin of the T-cell. Hence, expression of CXCL13 in T-cell lymphomas, such as Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma, is thought to reflect a germinal center origin of the neoplastic T-cells.[5]
References [link]
- ^ a b c Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B (February 1998). "B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5". J. Exp. Med. 187 (4): 655–60. DOI:10.1084/jem.187.4.655. PMC 2212150. PMID 9463416. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2212150.
- ^ a b Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT (February 1998). "A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1". Nature 391 (6669): 799–803. DOI:10.1038/35876. PMID 9486651.
- ^ Ansel KM, Harris RB, Cyster JG (January 2002). "CXCL13 is required for B1 cell homing, natural antibody production, and body cavity immunity". Immunity 16 (1): 67–76. DOI:10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00257-6. PMID 11825566.
- ^ Ansel KM, Ngo VN, Hyman PL, Luther SA, Förster R, Sedgwick JD, Browning JL, Lipp M, Cyster JG (July 2000). "A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles". Nature 406 (6793): 309–14. DOI:10.1038/35018581. PMID 10917533.
- ^ de Leval L, Rickman DS, Thielen C, Reynies A, Huang YL, Delsol G, Lamant L, Leroy K, Brière J, Molina T, Berger F, Gisselbrecht C, Xerri L, Gaulard P (June 2007). "The gene expression profile of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma demonstrates a molecular link between angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and follicular helper T (TFH) cells". Blood 109 (11): 4952–63. DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-10-055145. PMID 17284527.
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Human Genome Organisation
The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome. HUGO was established in 1989 as an international organization, primarily to foster collaboration between genome scientists around the world. The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), sometimes referred to as "HUGO", is one of HUGO's most active committees and aims to assign a unique gene name and symbol to each human gene.
History
HUGO was established in late April 1988 at the first meeting dedicated to genome mapping at Cold Spring Harbor. The idea of starting the organization stemmed from a South African biologist by the name of Sydney Brenner, who is known for his significant contributions to work on the genetic code and other areas of molecular biology, as well as winning the Nobel prize in Physiology of Medicine in 2002. A Founding Council was elected at the meeting that total 42 scientists from 17 different countries. HUGO is grounded in Geneva Switzerland, and later went on to elect an additional 178 members, bringing the total up to 220.
