Forward

Forward may refer to:

Sports

Literature

Music

Forward (Turn album)

Forward was the second album from Turn, a Meath-based indie rock band. Their first album had seen a large interest from Ireland and the UK but it seemed to die away as quickly as it rose due to poor marketing and promotion from Infectious Records. The band were dropped from Infectious Records and created Nurture Records in order to release music. After this, the band struggled to finance and produce 2001's In Position EP, but the EP managed to secure a loyal fan base in Ireland and constant touring helped the band get back on their feet and start recording Forward in 2002. However, tragedy again struck the band when original bass player Gavin Fox left to join Idlewild.

The album was finished in early 2003 and released to rave reviews and strong sales, entering the Irish charts at No. 8. The album is considered Turn's strongest of their catalogue and showed a massive musical growth from their debut, Antisocial.

Track listing

Rugby union positions

In the game of rugby union, there are 15 players on each team, comprising eight forwards (numbered 1–8) and seven backs (numbered 9–15). In addition, there may be up to eight replacement players "on the bench". Jersey numbers 16–23 differentiate them. Players are not restricted to any single position on the field, although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types. Players that specialise in over three positions are called "utility players". The scrum (an assemblage used to restart play), however, must consist of eight players: the "front row" (two props, a loosehead and tighthead, and a hooker), the "second row" (two locks), and a "back row" (two flankers, and a number 8). The players outside the scrum are called "the backs": scrum-half, fly-half, two centres (inside and outside), two wings, and a fullback. Early names, such as "three-quarters" (for the wings and centres) and "outside-halves" (for fly-half) are still used by many in the Northern Hemisphere, while in the Southern Hemisphere the fly-half and inside centre are colloquially called "first five-eighth" and "second five-eighth" respectively, while the scrum-half is known as the "half-back".

Backë

Backë is a village in the former municipality of Potom in Berat County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Skrapar.

References

Human back

The human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body.

Structure

The central feature of the human back is the vertebral column, specifically the length from the top of the thoracic vertebrae to the bottom of the lumbar vertebrae, which houses the spinal cord in its spinal canal, and which generally has some curvature that gives shape to the back. The ribcage extends from the spine at the top of the back (with the top of the ribcage corresponding to the T1 vertebra), more than halfway down the length of the back, leaving an area with less protection between the bottom of the ribcage and the hips. The width of the back at the top is defined by the scapula, the broad, flat bones of the shoulders.

Back (album)

Back is the name of a studio album by country music singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1983.

This album was Anderson's first in three years. She had since been in brief retirement to start a family with her second (and now ex-husband), Harold "Spook Stream", and raise her other children. Thus, Anderson left her old record company (Columbia) in 1980. In 1983, Anderson decided to record again and release a comeback album, as the title "Back" implied. The album brought Anderson back into the country market, along with a few more hits under her belt.

Three singles were released from this album, all in 1983. The first, "You Can't Lose What You Never Had", just missed the Country Top 40 at No. 42. The next single, "What I've Learned From Loving You", peaked at No. 18 on the Billboard country charts. The third and final single, "You're Welcome to Tonight", was a duet with 1980s country star Gary Morris and the album's most successful single. The single reached the Top 10 on the Billboard country charts in early 1984, peaking at No. 9. The album reached No. 61 on the "Top Country Albums" chart in 1983.

Known-plaintext attack

The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib), and its encrypted version (ciphertext). These can be used to reveal further secret information such as secret keys and code books. The term "crib" originated at Bletchley Park, the British World War II decryption operation.

History

The usage "crib" was adapted from a slang term referring to cheating (e.g., "I cribbed my answer from your test paper.") A "crib" originally was a literal or interlinear translation of a foreign-language text — usually a Latin or Greek text — that students might be assigned to translate from the original language.

The idea behind a crib is that cryptologists were looking at incomprehensible ciphertext, but if they had a clue about some word or phrase that might be expected to be in the ciphertext, they would have a "wedge," a test to break into it. If their otherwise random attacks on the cipher managed to sometimes produce those words or (preferably) phrases, they would know they might be on the right track. When those words or phrases appeared, they would feed the settings they had used to reveal them back into the whole encrypted message to good effect.