Core charge

Core charge is the effective nuclear charge experienced by an outer shell electron. In other words, core charge is an expression of the attractive force experienced by the valence electrons to the core of an atom which takes into account the shielding effect of core electrons. Core charge can be calculated by taking the number of protons in the nucleus minus the number of core electrons, also called inner shell electrons, and is always a positive value.

Core charge is a convenient way of explaining trends in the periodic table. Since the core charge increases as you move across a row of the periodic table, the outer-shell electrons are pulled more and more strongly towards the nucleus and the atomic radius decreases. This can be used to explain a number of periodic trends such as atomic radius, first ionization energy (IE), electronegativity, and oxidizing.

Core charge can also be calculated as 'atomic number' minus 'all electrons except those in the outer shell'. For example: Chlorine (element 17), with electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5, has 17 protons and 10 inner shell electrons (2 in the first shell, and 8 in the second) so:

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Meta’s AI head Joelle Pineau announces her exit from the company after 8 years: ‘Today, as the world undergoes…’

The Times of India 03 Apr 2025
Under her leadership, the company developed Llama, a flagship large language model that allows researchers and developers to access and modify its core components.Pineau took charge of Meta’s AI ...
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'Inconsistent': One pizzeria in Ottawa County had 9 health code violations last week

Holland Sentinel 02 Apr 2025
The health department also notes “core” violations, but The Sentinel will only report on those if there’s a significant accumulation in a single eatery ... The person in charge rearranged the shelves so the raw eggs were stored below ready-to-eat food.
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Naxals won’t be a major topic of discussion post March 2026: IG Bastar

Hindustan Times 01 Apr 2025
By setting up camps and taking charge of areas in buffer areas, over the years, we were able to proceed to the core areas where most Naxals were operating. For example, we took over the core area of Maoist battalion number 1 from Basaguda to Pamer.
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Trump administration targets California sex ed program

Times Standard 01 Apr 2025
... and county offices of education are in charge of choosing the course materials taught in classrooms. The law states the material must meet core standards and be age appropriate and medically accurate.
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1847 Reports 10.7% Increase in Revenue to $15.7 Million for the Year Ended 2024

ACCESSWIRE 01 Apr 2025
Gross profit increases 18.6% in 2024 vs 2023 ... Reported CMD Inc ... Corp ... Mr. Ellery W ... Excluding these non-cash charges, our core performance remains firmly in line with our long-term objectives, positioning us to capitalize on future growth opportunities ... $.
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"Common sense": Govt's set to refine workplace health and safety regulations

NewstalkZB 31 Mar 2025
Minister-in-Charge, Brooke van Velden told Mike Hosking most companies are happy with the core of the Workplace Safety Act, but don't ...
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Southwest’s policy changes bad for business, bad for Baltimore | GUEST COMMENTARY

Baltimore Sun 31 Mar 2025
Long known as the airline where bags fly free, Southwest shocked the entire Internet on March 11 when it announced that it would begin charging for bags ... Southwest will charge undisclosed fees for ...
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‘Communal, coercive agenda’: Sonia Gandhi slams Modi govt’s education policy

Kashmir Media Service 31 Mar 2025
Indian National Congress leader and Member of Parliament, Sonia Gandhi has slammed the Modi government’s education policy, charging its core agenda is centralisation of power, commercialisation, and communalization of textbooks.
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'Carnage' Of India's Public Education System Must End: Sonia Gandhi

NDTV 31 Mar 2025
Congress leader Sonia Gandhi slammed the Modi government's education policy, charging its core agenda is centralisation of power, commercialisation and outsourcing of investments to the private... .
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Addressing credit challenges faced by Indian farmers

Business Line 30 Mar 2025
Studies show that over 60 per cent of farmers do not have access to formal credit, and this leads them to depend on informal sources that charge interest rates as high as 30-40 per cent annually ... Core challenges in agricultural credit access.
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TESSAN's New Products Won Gold Prize In 2025 MUSE Design Awards For Sustainable Power Innovation

MENA FN 28 Mar 2025
(MENAFN - PR Newswire). The award-winning Travel Charging Set exemplifies TESSAN's core values of "Simplicity and Convenience." Designed for the universal travelers, the set features a universal ... .
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BJP plans outreach events to popularise Central schemes

The Hindu 28 Mar 2025
At the first meeting of the party core committee after Rajeev Chandrasekhar took charge as State president, it was decided to set up help desks in all district offices of the party before April 15 to bring Central schemes to the people ....
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Bridgeton Elementary teacher nets agricultural grant

New Bern Sun Journal 28 Mar 2025
... to the school system’s common core and essential standards. “There is no more valuable resource in North Carolina than our students and the teachers charged with their education,” Harding said.
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Submit footage, photos of Baruipur March 19 attack: HC

The Times of India 27 Mar 2025
... that the core video footage of the incident didn't substantiate the charge.Counsel for the petitioners Mayukh Mukherjee showed to Justice Tirthankar Ghosh video footage of the alleged attack.
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India’s growth-friendly RBI chief raises rate cut hopes

Deccan Herald 27 Mar 2025
in Hong Kong ... Irrespective of who is in charge, the central bank’s core philosophy doesn’t change, the person said. </p><p>The RBI and Ministry of Finance didn’t immediately respond to requests to comment.
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