Chief (heraldry)

In heraldic blazon, a chief is a charge on a coat of arms that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the top edge of the shield. Writers disagree in how much of the shield's surface is to be covered by the chief, ranging from one-fourth to one-third. The former is more likely if the chief is uncharged, that is, if it does not have other objects placed on it. If charged, the chief is typically wider to allow room for the objects drawn there.

The chief is one of the ordinaries in heraldry, along with the bend, chevron, fess, and pale. There are several other ordinaries and sub-ordinaries.

Variations of chief

The chief may bear charges and may also be subject to variations of the partition lines. The chief may be combined with another ordinary, such as a pale or a saltire, but is almost never surmounted by another ordinary. The chief will normally be superimposed over a bordure, orle and tressure, if they share the same shield.

A chief combined with a pale.

Chief (train)

The Chief was one of the named passenger trains of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Its route ran from Chicago, Illinois to Los Angeles, California. The Chief was inaugurated as an all-Pullman limited train to supplement the road's California Limited, with a surcharge of USD $10.00 for an end-to-end trip. The heavyweight began its first run from both ends of the line, simultaneously, on November 14, 1926, scheduled 63 hours each way between Chicago and Los Angeles, five hours faster than the California Limited. (The Overland Limited, Los Angeles Limited and Golden State Limited began their extra-fare 63-hour schedules between Chicago and California the same day.)

The Chief was a success, dubbed "Extra Fast-Extra Fine-Extra Fare" though it failed to relieve traffic on the California Limited. The Chief became famous as a "rolling boudoir" for film stars and Hollywood executives. In 1954 the Chief reduced its schedule to equal its cousins, the Super Chief and El Capitan, and would ultimately drop the extra fare requirement as well.

Scottish clan chief

The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the Scottish clan. From its perceived founder a clan takes its name. The clan chief is the representative of this founder and represents the clan as well. In the Scottish clan system, the term chief denotes a greater chief than that of a chieftain. In consequence, branch chiefs (heads of branches of a clan) are designated chieftains. Scottish clans who no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.

Functions of the clan chief

Historically the principal function of the chief was to lead his clan in battle on land and sea. The chief and the chieftain were at one time in the Scottish Highlands influential political characters, who wielded a large and often arbitrary authority. However, none of this authority now remains. Highland chiefship or chieftainship in the modern sense is no more than a high social dignity. The existence of chiefship and chieftainship has been recognized by Scottish law, however, the disarming of the Highland clans after the 1745 Jacobite rising effectively eliminated clanship from ordinary civil or statutory law. Most notable was the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act, of 1746 that abolished traditional rights of jurisdiction afforded to Scottish clan chiefs.

African aesthetic

While the African continent is vast and its peoples diverse, certain standards of beauty and correctness in artistic expression and physical appearance are held in common among various African societies.

Taken collectively, these values and standards have been characterised as comprising a generally accepted African aesthetic.

Cool

In African Art in Motion, African art scholar and Yale professor Robert Farris Thompson turns his attention to cool in both the African and African-American contexts:

See also

References

Cool & Dre

Cool & Dre are a team of American record producers and songwriters from North Miami, a suburb of Miami, Florida, consisting of Marcello "Cool" Valenzano and Andre "Dre" Christopher Lyon.

Epidemic Records

The duo started their own record label, Epidemic Records. They signed a contract with Jive Records in 2003 concerning the distribution of their first artist, Dirtbag.

In August 2010, the duo officially partnered with Cash Money Records. In April 2011, the duo signed a deal with Interscope Records through Cash Money (the first time Cash Money is under another Universal label), also to distribute their label Epidemic Records.

Production discography

Singles produced

References

Cool (Alesso song)

"Cool" is a 2015 song by a Swedish electronic musician Alesso featuring vocals from American singer Roy English (also known by his real name Brandon Wronski), the frontman of the former American rock band Eye Alaska. It premiered on February 13, 2015 on BBC Radio 1. The track, which samples Kylie Minogue's "Get Outta My Way", was officially released in Europe on 16 February 2015 and in North America on 17 February 2015. The song was released on 26 April 2015 in the UK.

The cover art references his single "Tear The Roof Up" as the locker reads "Tear The Roof Up!"

Music video

A music video for the song was commissioned. It was produced by Emil Nava, and was filmed at Venice High School, where the films Grease and American History X and the music video for Britney Spears' "...Baby One More Time", were filmed. Contrary to his anonymous DJ contemporaries, Alesso himself plays the protagonist, a long-haired, bespectacled nerd who is initially mocked by his fellow students but absconds to the dance class, where he encounters an attractive brunette teacher (Claude Racine) with whom he falls in love. About two-thirds of the way through the music video, his infatuation invokes amorous thoughts involving her dancing in a bra and knickers on a bench, a nod to the music video for Van Halen's Hot For Teacher. These thoughts are interspersed with another man showing him how to dance properly using films containing dance moves. Alesso then uses a school dance to attract the teacher and then dump her with a smile in the middle of the dance floor.