Imran

Imran (also transliterated as Emran, Omran, or Umran, Arabic: عمران‎) is an Arabic male given name. It may refer to:

Places

Given name

'Imran ibn Shahin

'Imran ibn Shahin (died 979) was a Nabataean and the founder of a state in the Batihah marshlands in the 10th century. His reign was marked by decades of struggle against the Buyids of Iraq.

Life

'Imran created the marsh state during the period of the declining authority of the Caliphate. Having committed a crime in Jamidah, 'Imran fled to the neighboring swamps to avoid punishment by the local government. From there he managed to gain the cooperation of fellow criminals and local fisherman, and was able to set up a robber state, defying government authority. He managed to expand his power when the Biridis of Basra charged him with the protection of Jamidah and the parts of Ahvaz lying within the Batihah. With more followers flocking to him, 'Imran was eventually able to take control of the whole swamp.

The Buyids' entrance into Baghdad in 945 meant that conflict between the two sides was inevitable. The Buyid amir Mu'izz al-Daula sent his deputy Abu Ja'far al-Saymari to subdue the Batihah. He managed to inflict a series of defeats upon 'Imran, who fled and whose family was imprisoned. The death of Mu'izz's overlord 'Imad al-Daula in late 949, however, forced Mu'izz to send al-Saymari to Fars in order to secure the succession of 'Imad's son 'Adud al-Daula, giving 'Imran the opportunity to recover his authority.

Labbayk

Labbayk (Bengali: লাব্বায়িক; Arabic: لبيك‎) is an English nasheed vocal group of Bangladeshi descent formed in London, England, in 2004, comprising the singers Masum, Shafi and Imran. Ehsaan Tahmid was a member until he left the group in 2015.

History

In May 2004, Labbayk was formed within the Muslim society of a secondary school in London. Masum (born 1987), Imran (born 1991) and other students showed an interest in the idea and sang at Islamic events for the school. In 2006, Ehsaan Tahmid (born 1987) joined the group until May 2015, when he decided to leave the group. He was replaced by Shafi, who joined the group in December 2015. The group members are all of Bangladeshi descent.

Labbayk is represented by the Gloucester-based record label Safar Media.

Style

Musical instruments are not used in composing the vocal harmonies in Labbayk's nasheeds. The style of the nasheeds is Islamic a cappella, using voices only. Their singing styles originate from Indian, Arab and Western melodies. The aim is to give dawah (inviting others to Islam) through melodies and lyrics.

Carboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid /ˌkɑːrbɒkˈsɪlɪk/ is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(O)OH). The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R−C(O)OH, with R referring to the rest of the (possibly quite large) molecule. Carboxylic acids occur widely and include the amino acids (which make up proteins) and acetic acid (which is part of vinegar and occurs in metabolism).

Salts and esters of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. When a carboxyl group is deprotonated, its conjugate base forms a carboxylate anion. Carboxylate ions are resonance-stabilized, and this increased stability makes carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols. Carboxylic acids can be seen as reduced or alkylated forms of the Lewis acid carbon dioxide; under some circumstances they can be decarboxylated to yield carbon dioxide.

Example carboxylic acids and nomenclature

Carboxylic acids are commonly named as indicated in the table below. Although rarely used, IUPAC-recommended names also exist. For example, butyric acid (C₃H₇CO₂H) is, according to IUPAC guidelines, also known as butanoic acid.

Oxalic acid

Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H₂C₂O₄. It is a colorless crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its condensed formula is HOOCCOOH, reflecting its classification as the simplest dicarboxylic acid. Its acid strength is much greater than that of acetic acid. Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate (C₂O₄²⁻), is a chelating agent for metal cations. Typically, oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H₂C₂O₄·2H₂O. Excessive ingestion of oxalic acid or prolonged skin contact can be dangerous.

History

The preparation of salts of oxalic acid from plants had been known, at the latest, since 1745, when the Dutch botanist and physician Herman Boerhaave isolated a salt from sorrel. By 1773, François Pierre Savary of Fribourg, Switzerland had isolated oxalic acid from its salt in sorrel.

In 1776, Swedish chemists Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Olof Bergman produced oxalic acid by reacting sugar with concentrated nitric acid; Scheele called the acid that resulted socker-syra or såcker-syra (sugar acid). By 1784, Scheele had shown that "sugar acid" and oxalic acid from natural sources were identical.