Convention (norm)

A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

Certain types of rules or customs may become law and regulatory legislation may be introduced to formalize or enforce the convention (for example, laws that define on which side of the road vehicles must be driven). In a social context, a convention may retain the character of an "unwritten law" of custom (for example, the manner in which people greet each other, such as by shaking each other's hands).

In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.

General

A convention is a selection from among two or more alternatives, where the rule or alternative is agreed upon among participants. Often the word refers to unwritten customs shared throughout a community. For instance, it is conventional in many societies that strangers being introduced shake hands. Some conventions are explicitly legislated; for example, it is conventional in the United States and in Germany that motorists drive on the right side of the road, whereas in New Zealand, England, Australia, Mauritius, and Barbados motorists drive on the left. The standardization of time is a human convention based on the solar cycle or calendar. The extent to which justice is conventional (as opposed to natural or objective) is historically an important debate among philosophers.

Norm

Norm or NORM may refer to:

In academia

In mathematics

Norm (abelian group)

In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, if (G, +) is an abelian group then is said to be a norm on the abelian group (G, +) if:

,

,

.

The norm ν is discrete if there is some real number ρ > 0 such that ν(g) > ρ whenever g ≠ 0.

Free abelian groups

An abelian group is a free abelian group if and only if it has a discrete norm.

References

Norm (artificial intelligence)

Norms can be considered from different perspectives in Artificial Intelligence to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behaviour.

In Artificial Intelligence and Law, legal norms are considered in computational tools to automatically reason upon them. In Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a norm is a guide for the common conduct of agents, thereby easing their decision-making, coordination and organization.

Since most problems concerning regulation of the interaction of autonomous agents are linked to issues traditionally addressed by legal studies, and since law is the most pervasive and developed normative system, efforts to account for norms in Artificial Intelligence and Law and in normative multi-agent systems often overlap.

Artificial Intelligence and Law

With the arrival of computer applications into the legal domain, and especially artificial intelligence applied to it, logic has been used as the major tool to formalize legal reasoning and has been developed in many directions, ranging from deontic logics to formal systems of argumentation.

Convention

Convention may refer to:

See also

Bridge convention

Calls made during the auction phase of a contract bridge game convey information about the player's card holdings. Calls may be "natural" (that is, are based on a holding of the suit bid, or a balanced distribution in the case of a notrump bid) or "artificial" (show a feature unrelated to the named denomination). A bridge convention is an agreement about an artificial call or a set of related artificial calls.

Contract bridge is a trick-taking card game played by four players in two competing partnerships in which a sequence of bidding, also known as the auction, precedes the play of the cards. The purpose of this bidding is for players to inform their partners of the content of their hand and to arrive at a suitable contract at which to play the hand (or to prevent the opponents from arriving at a suitable contract). Although bidding is often "natural" (describing a hand by simple reference to possession, shape, and strength of the named suit) players may also bid using conventions, which assign more specific information to certain calls, particularly at the more advanced levels of competitive play. Bill Root defines "convention" as, "A specific agreement between partners to give an unusual meaning to a bid". However, some conventions, for example, Stayman, are very widely used and cannot be said to be unusual.

List of Malcolm in the Middle episodes

Malcolm in the Middle is a Fox sitcom that ran for seven seasons from January 9, 2000 to May 14, 2006 with 151 episodes produced.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2000)

Season 2 (2000–01)

Season 3 (2001–02)

Season 4 (2002–03)

Season 5 (2003–04)

Season 6 (2004–05)

Season 7 (2005–06)

References

External links