Conditionality

In political economy and international relations, conditionality is the use of conditions attached to the provision of benefits such as a loan, debt relief or bilateral aid. These conditions are typically imposed by international financial institutions or regional organizations and are intended to improve economic conditions within the recipient country.

International financial institutions

Conditionality is typically employed by the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank or a donor country with respect to loans, debt relief and financial aid. Conditionalities may involve relatively uncontroversial requirements to enhance aid effectiveness, such as anti-corruption measures, but they may involve highly controversial ones, such as austerity or the privatization of key public services, which may provoke strong political opposition in the recipient country. These conditionalities are often grouped under the label structural adjustment as they were prominent in the structural adjustment programs following the debt crisis of the 1980s.

Pratītyasamutpāda

Pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद; Pali: पटिच्चसमुप्पाद paṭiccasamuppāda), commonly translated as dependent origination or dependent arising, states that all dharmas ("things") arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist." It is a pragmatic teaching, which is applied to dukkha (suffering) and the cessation of dukkha.

The term is also used to refer to the twelve links of dependent origination, which describes the chain of causes which result in rebirth. By reverting the chain, liberation from rebirth can be attained.

Etymology

Pratityasamutpada (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद) consists of two terms:

  • pratitya: "having depended"
  • samutpada: "arising", "rise, production, origin"
  • The term has been translated into English variously as dependent origination, dependent arising, interdependent co-arising, conditioned arising, and conditioned genesis. The term could be translated somewhat more literally as arising in dependence upon conditions.

    Conditionality (disambiguation)

    Conditionality may refer to:

  • Conditionality, in political economy and international relations
  • Conditionality (Buddhism), also known as Pratitya-samutpada
  • Conditionality principle in statistical inference
  • Instrumental conditionality of objects in philosophy and ethics
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    Judges threaten legal action against city over condition of John Marshall Courts Building

    Calhoun Times 25 Mar 2025
    “This court has demonstrated a patience that cannot and will not continue indefinitely,” they wrote to Mayor Avula and City Council. “If a locality fails to take action, the court has an obligation to take action.” ....
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    Weather forecast: Dusty and partly cloudy conditions expected across the UAE today

    Gulf News 25 Mar 2025
    Heading outdoors? Stay alert and take extra caution today! Dusty conditions will prevail, especially during the daytime, and reduced visibility could make travel tricky ... For sea-goers, conditions ...
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    Prisons Department announces Hari Raya visit conditions for families

    The Star 25 Mar 2025
    PETALING JAYA. The Prisons Department announces that families can visit inmates on the third and fourth day of Hari Raya. Read full story ... .
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    Alleged crime figure denied bail despite 'draconian' jail conditions

    Australian Broadcasting Corporation 25 Mar 2025
    Masood Zakaria, who was extradited back to Australia over his alleged involvement in a 2021 murder, will remain in Goulburn Correctional Centre after his bail request was denied ... .
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    Stephen Colbert Offers To Hand Hosting Gig Over To Trump Under 1 Condition

    Huffington Post 25 Mar 2025
    The "Late Show" host suggested a deal he'd be willing to make with the president ... .
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    Sara Ali Khan Gets Candid About Dealing With PCOS, 5 Tips To Manage This Hormonal Condition

    News18 25 Mar 2025
    In a recent interview, Sara Ali Khan opened up about dealing with PCOS. She talked about how self-love and acceptance plays a key role in managing this condition ... .
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    MAHB monitoring conditions after cybersecurity attack on KLIA's systems

    Malaysia Kini 25 Mar 2025
    Airport operator assures measures being taken to safeguard infrastructure, prevent disruptions. .
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    Russia says new Black Sea deal is possible with certain conditions

    The Hindu 25 Mar 2025
    Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that any new agreement would need to have strict conditions attached to it ....
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    Condition and duration for the application of incentive policies for electricity development (Dentons US LLP)

    Public Technologies 25 Mar 2025
    This commitment is strongly reflected in key legislation, including the Law on Electricity No. 61/2024/QH15 ("LOE"), [...]. This is an abstract of the document ... Disclaimer.
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    An Activist Criticized Deteriorating Conditions In Mocha Arrested

    Al Thawra 25 Mar 2025
    Media sources reported that gunmen loyal to mercenary Tariq Afash ...
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