Command CICS

Command CICS or Command-CICS is a software product that allows organizations to migrate from "Macro level" CICS to "Command level" CICS without any re-programming so that companies could migrate to later versions of CICS that did not support macro level application programs. The later versions of CICS offered many advantages over previous versions yet tens of thousands of application programs were effectively locked out of the new version unless they were prepared to operate two completely different versions of CICS on the same Operating Systems, creating both operational and maintenance problems. Two different, simultaneous, CICS Licenses were also required.

History

When CICS was first released by IBM in the late 1960s, it used IBM Assembler macros to generate the API system calls to the CICS teleprocessing monitor kernel. This was also true even if programs were written in COBOL or PL/1. Ken Dakin an independent programmer and CEO of APT Ltd. in the U.K., who was also responsible for programming IBM OLIVER (CICS interactive test/debug), realized that by creating a middleware product, the problem could be solved for almost all situations. Ken Dakin approached IBM to market his product but received no interest at the time, despite the fact that tens of thousands of their clients application programs would need to be converted or rewritten for the new versions of CICS, costing many millions of dollars.

Command

Command may refer to:

Computing

Military

Sports

Economics and politics

Linguistics and teaching

Command (military formation)

A command in military terminology is an organisational unit for which the individual in Military command is responsible. A Commander will normally be specifically appointed to the role in order to provide a legal framework for the authority bestowed. Naval and military officers have legal authority by virtue of their officer's commission, however the specific responsibilities and privileges of command are derived from the publication of appointment.

The United States Department of Defense defines command as follows:

(DOD) 2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action.

(DOD) 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. Also called CMD. See also area command; combatant command; combatant command (command authority).

See also

Notes

Command (computing)

In computing, a command is a directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task. Most commonly a command is either a directive to some kind of command-line interface, such as a shell, or an event in a graphical user interface triggered by the user selecting an option in a menu.

Specifically, the term command is used in imperative computer languages. These languages are called this, because statements in these languages are usually written in a manner similar to the imperative mood used in many natural languages. If one views a statement in an imperative language as being like a sentence in a natural language, then a command is generally like a verb in such a language.

Many programs allow specially formatted arguments, known as flags or options, which modify the default behaviour of the command, while further arguments describe what the command acts on. Comparing to a natural language: the flags are adverbs, whilst the other arguments are objects.

CICS

Customer Information Control System (CICS) is a transaction server that runs primarily on IBM mainframe systems under z/OS and z/VSE.

CICS is middleware designed to support rapid, high-volume online transaction processing. A CICS transaction is a unit of processing initiated by a single request that may affect one or more objects. This processing is usually interactive (screen-oriented), but background transactions are possible.

CICS provides services that extend or replace the functions of the operating system and are more efficient than the generalized services in the operating system and simpler for programmers to use, particularly with respect to communication with diverse terminal devices.

Applications developed for CICS may be written in a variety of programming languages and use CICS-supplied language extensions to interact with resources such as files, database connections, terminals, or to invoke functions such as web services. CICS manages the entire transaction such that if for any reason a part of the transaction fails all recoverable changes can be backed out.

CICS (disambiguation)

CICS is the Customer Information Control System, a transaction server that runs primarily on IBM mainframes.

CICS may also refer to:

See also