Combino

The Combino is a low-floor tram produced by Siemens Transportation Systems (formerly DUEWAG). The first prototype was produced in 1996 at the Duewag works in Düsseldorf; the trams are now made in Krefeld-Uerdingen.

Due to its modular design using standardised components, and the resulting reduced costs, the Combino was for a time one of the most successful tram types. They were sold to twelve jurisdictions and a further development was sold to two others.

In 2007, a new generation of Combinos was sold to Bern and was known as the Combino XL. This was an updated version of the original design and was intended to correct defects in the original design.

Subsequently, the model was again renamed and is now known as the Avenio M. Fourteen of these were produced in 2011 with 12 going to Erfurt and two to Nordhausen.

The Siemens line has been complemented by a new design of trams called the Avenio, which have been built on the design technology of Combino Plus in Sul de Tejo and Budapest. Unlike the Combino, it does not have suspended sections but rather two axles under each body section. In essence, it is like a train of two axle cars. As of 2014, the Avenio is on order for The Hague and Munich.

Avenio

Avenio is a low floor tram family produced by Siemens Transportation Systems. It is the successor to the Combino family. The first generation was sold as the Combino Supra /ˈsuːprə/, Combino MkII, or Combino Plus. With the introduction of the second generation in 2009 the Combino brand was dropped and Siemens have referred to Combino Plus trams in Sul do Tejo (Portugal) and Budapest (Hungary) as part of the Avenio range.

The Avenio is made of stainless steel instead of light materials, and is manufactured at a new assembly line in Vienna. Like the Combino it utilizes a modular design with standardised components, with resulting reduced costs.

Differences between the original Combino and the Combino Supra

Unlike the Combino, the Combino Supra is designed in nine-meter fixed sections. Each section has a bogie, either powered or unpowered. The length can be anywhere from two sections (18 meters) to eight (72 meters). In Budapest and Almad, modules are in two-car blocks, each connected by a double articulation join. In the Combino and other articulated low-floor trams, the modules are suspended between the bogies. Siemens claims the axle load is 10 tonnes for a width of 2.65 meters, such as the Almada.