Color blindness

Color blindness, or color vision deficiency, is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions. Color blindness affects a significant percentage of the population. There is no actual blindness but there is a deficiency of color vision. The most usual cause is a fault in the development of one or more sets of retinal cones that perceive color in light and transmit that information to the optic nerve. This type of color blindness is usually a sex-linked condition. The genes that produce photopigments are carried on the X chromosome; if some of these genes are missing or damaged, color blindness will be expressed in males with a higher probability than in females because males only have one X chromosome, whereas females have two and a functional gene on only one of the X chromosomes is sufficient to yield the necessary photopigments.

Color blindness can also be produced by physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, or parts of the brain. For example, people with achromatopsia suffer from a completely different disorder, but are nevertheless unable to see colors.

Colorblind (book)

Colorblind: The Rise of Post-Racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equity is a non-fiction book by the anti-racist writer and educator Tim Wise, and is published by City Lights.

Critical reception

Reviewing the book, Kel Munger from the Sacramento News and Review states that "Tim Wise dismantles the myth that full equality has been won and the playing field is level with hard facts, citing studies that have shown the persistence of institutional racism and white racial preference in all areas, including employment, education and health care." In another review from AnnArbor.com, La'Ron Williams highlights Wise's attempts at addressing contemporary concerns: "Focusing on disparities in four key areas--employment, education, healthcare, and housing--and drawing upon a wide range of academic studies, Wise pulls back the veil from the face of contemporary 'invisible' racism. He also, simultaneously, points out the ways that so-called 'colorblind' social policies--those which are based on programs meant to 'lift all boats' by raising the overall economic water level for working class and poor people--will actually worsen the problems of racial injustice."

Colorblind (Counting Crows song)

"Colorblind " is a song by American rock band Counting Crows. Written by band members Adam Duritz and Charlie Gillingham for their third album This Desert Life (1999), production was helmed by Dennis Herring and David Lowery. It was prominently featured in the 1999 drama film Cruel Intentions starring Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, Reese Witherspoon, and Selma Blair, and has since been covered by various artists, including Between the Buried and Me, Leona Lewis (for Hurt: The EP), and Natalie Walker.

Charts

Weekly charts

Leona Lewis version

In December 2011, British recording artist Leona Lewis released a three track extended play entitled Hurt: The EP, which included a cover version of "Colorblind" as well as two other covers. Lewis re-recorded an acoustic version of the song for inclusion on the deluxe edition of her third studio album Glassheart (2012). It was originally written by Adam Duritz and Charlie Gillingham of Counting Crows, and Fraser T Smith served as the song's producer. "Colorblind" received positive reviews from music critics upon the release of Hurt: The EP, who praised Lewis's rock interpretation. The EP charted on national single charts, therefore "Colorblind" charted as part of a three track collective, and peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart. On September 28, 2012, the acoustic version of the song was released as a free digital download on Amazon.co.uk.

Stitch

Stitch or Stitches may refer to:

Stitch!

Stitch! (スティッチ!, Sutitchi!) is the anime spin-off of Disney's Lilo & Stitch franchise and the successor to Lilo & Stitch: The Series. It debuted in Japan on October 2008. The show features a Japanese girl named Yuna in place of Lilo, and is set on a fictional island in the Ryukyus off the shore of Okinawa instead of Hawaii. The island is called Izayoi. A second arc of the original series, called Stitch! ~The Mischievous Alien's Great Adventure~ (スティッチ! ～いたずらエイリアンの大冒険～, Sutitchi! ~Itazura Eirian no Daibōken~) began airing in Japan on 13 October 2009, completing Madhouse's 56 original episodes of the show. A sequel series from the original two-arc anime, entitled Stitch! ~Best Friends Forever~ (スティッチ! ～ずっと最高のトモダチ～, Stitch! ~Zutto Saikō no Tomodachi~) aired on TV Asahi on 6 July 2010, with Shin-Ei Animation taking over production. Then, a TV special, continuing from the sequel series entitled Stitch and the Planet of Sand (スティッチと砂の惑星, Sutitchi to Suna no Wakusei) aired on 16 June 2012. Following this, three years following the release of "Stitch and the Planet of Sand" and announced on 26 June 2015, a TV special entitled Stitch! Perfect Memory (スティッチ！パーフェクト・メモリー, Sutitchi! Pāfekuto Memorī) aired on August 7, 2015 as part of a "Stitch! New Specials" series (a line that "Stitch and the Planet of Sand" started), though it is unknown at the moment if Shin-Ei Animation is returning to animate for the special or not.

Surgical suture

Surgical suture (commonly called stitches) is a medical device used to hold body tissues together after an injury or surgery. Application generally involves using a needle with an attached length of thread. A number of different shapes, sizes, and thread materials have been developed over its millennia of history. Surgeons, physicians, dentists, podiatrists, eye doctors, registered nurses and other trained nursing personnel, medics, and clinical pharmacists typically engage in suturing. Surgical knots are used to secure the sutures.

History

Through many millennia, various suture materials were used, debated, and remained largely unchanged. Needles were made of bone or metals such as silver, copper, and aluminium bronze wire. Sutures were made of plant materials (flax, hemp and cotton) or animal material (hair, tendons, arteries, muscle strips and nerves, silk, and catgut).

The earliest reports of surgical suture date to 3000 BC in ancient Egypt, and the oldest known suture is in a mummy from 1100 BC. A detailed description of a wound suture and the suture materials used in it is by the Indian sage and physician Sushruta, written in 500 BC. The Greek father of medicine, Hippocrates, described suture techniques, as did the later Roman Aulus Cornelius Celsus. The 2nd-century Roman physician Galen described gut sutures. In the 10th century the manufacturing process involved harvesting sheep intestines, the so-called catgut suture, and was similar to that of strings for violins, guitar, and tennis racquets.