Colistin
Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Paenibacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic.
Colistin is a decades-old drug that fell out of favor due to its nephrotoxicity. It remains one of the last-resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter.NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have also shown susceptibility to colistin. Resistance to colistin has been identified in the Escherichia coli strain SHP45, carried by the mcr-1 gene, as the first plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance mechanism.
History
Colistin was derived from a flask of fermenting bacteria by a Japanese researcher in 1949.
Administration and dosage
Forms
Two forms of colistin are available commercially: colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium (colistin methanesulfonate sodium, colistin sulfomethate sodium). Colistin sulfate is cationic; colistimethate sodium is anionic. Colistin sulfate is stable, but colistimethate sodium is readily hydrolysed to a variety of methanesulfonated derivatives. Colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium are eliminated from the body by different routes. With respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, colistimethate is the inactive prodrug of colistin. The two drugs are not interchangeable .
Podcasts:
-
by Closedown
-
by Closedown
-
by Closedown
-
by Closedown
-
by Closedown
The Universal Paradox VS The Red Organ
by: ClosedownI hate the sound, of every object
Of everything she could have touched,
( Of everything she could have touched )
But I keep them anyway, Oh please help me out
Please help me out ladies and gentlemen !
I know I can touch the surface but she’s underwater
It’s kinda strange cause, the fire still burns underwater !
The day, or the night I don’t bother
It feels like a forseable murder
In wich I am no more the killer
But the Cure !
Oh David you know this is urgent
This is urgent ladies and gentlemen !
We had to find a way to understand all the moves
That she wanted me to dance
We had to find a way to kill the sound of the voice
Telling me how much you’re worth
And then I’ve burned my hopes
Pretending it was nothing more
( Spoken part )
Ok ladies and gentlemen
If you can take something out of this
This is like a learning process
Now you can close your eyes and take a breath
Let’s pretend we’re wearing the same skin
You are holding the mike
There will be like a connection or something...
( Back to singing )
I got something in my neck
It feels like everything she could have done
It’s cold and rough and
It reminds me the way she use to speak...
Sing the words you don’t know
As we sing the sound from the Organ
You won’t remember where you go !
And where you were !
You won’t remember where you go !
And where you were !