Zeitgeist

The Zeitgeist (spirit of the age or spirit of the time) is the intellectual fashion or dominant school of thought that typifies and influences the culture of a particular period in time. For example, the Zeitgeist of modernism typified and influenced architecture, art, and fashion during much of the 20th century.

The German word Zeitgeist is often attributed to the philosopher Georg Hegel, but he never actually used the word. In his works such as Lectures on the Philosophy of History, he uses the phrase der Geist seiner Zeit (the spirit of his time)—for example, "no man can surpass his own time, for the spirit of his time is also his own spirit."

Other philosophers who were associated with such ideas include Herder and Spencer and Voltaire. The concept contrasts with the Great Man theory popularized by Thomas Carlyle, which sees history as the result of the actions of heroes and geniuses.

Hegel believed that art reflected, by its very nature, the culture of the time in which it is created. Culture and art are inextricable because an individual artist is a product of his or her time and therefore brings that culture to any given work of art. Furthermore, he believed that in the modern world it was impossible to produce classical art, which he believed represented a "free and ethical culture", which depended more on the philosophy of art and theory of art, rather than a reflection of the social construct, or Zeitgeist in which a given artist lives.

Zeitgeist (film series)

Zeitgeist: The Movie is a documentary film with two sequels: Zeitgeist: Addendum and Zeitgeist: Moving Forward, presenting a number of conspiracy theories and proposals for broad social and economic changes. Peter Joseph created all three films.

Zeitgeist: The Movie

Zeitgeist: The Movie is a 2007 documentary-style film by Peter Joseph presenting a number of conspiracy theories. The film disputes the historicity of Jesus (the Christ myth theory) and claims that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were pre-arranged by New World Order forces, and claims that bankers manipulate world events. In Zeitgeist, it is claimed that the Federal Reserve was behind several wars and manipulates the American public for a One World Government or "New World Order".

The Zeitgeist film, according to writer Paul Constant, is "based solely on anecdotal evidence, it's probably drawing more people into the Truth movement than anything else".Jay Kinney questioned the accuracy of its claims and the quality of its arguments, describing it as agitprop and propaganda.

Zeitgeist (Levellers album)

Zeitgeist is the fourth album by The Levellers. It was released in 1995 and reached #1 in the UK album charts, making it the band's most successful album. Two singles were released from the album – "Hope St.", which reached #12 in the UK single charts, and "Fantasy", which reached 16. Additionally, a re-recorded version of "Just the One" featuring Joe Strummer was released, reaching #12, as well as a live version of "Exodus" from the later Headlights, White Lines, Black Tar Rivers (Best Live) album the next year, which reached #24.

Track listing

The 2007 re-issue included the bonus tracks:

References

.codes (disambiguation)

This page is a disambiguation page for .codes (disambiguation). For the internet generic level domain article; go to .codes.

Additional coding references

Codes (band)

Codes are an Irish indie electronic quartet from Dublin, consisting of Daragh Anderson, Eoin Stephens, Niall Woods and Raymond Hogge. Their debut album Trees Dream in Algebra was nominated for the 2010 Choice Music Prize. The band have established themselves swiftly as a very exciting and energetic live act.

History

Formation

Codes formed in late 2007 when all members – who had been friends for several years – found themselves available to compose and play music together. Previously, Daragh and former member Paul Reilly had played in another group that disbanded, while Raymond – who had just recently moved to Dublin – also left a band that he was involved with.

Debut album (2008–2010)

In early 2008 they released 2 independent singles –"This is Goodbye" and "Guided by Ghosts", that both entered the Irish top 50 at number 32 and number 43 respectively. Both singles were well received critically, helped towards a growing fan base and secured the band their first major shows, including a slot on the IMRO Showcase Tour and the Oxegen music festival in Ireland.

Self Defined Ethnicity

Self Defined Ethnicity (SDE) codes are a set of codes used by the Home Office in the United Kingdom to classify an individual's ethnicity according to that person's self-definition.

The codes are also called "16 + 1" codes, as there are 16 of them, plus one code (NS) for "Not Stated".

The code system originated in the United Kingdom Census 2001.

British police forces are required to use the SDE 16+1 codes (as opposed to the commonly used radio shorthand IC codes) when spoken contact has taken place and an individual has been given an opportunity to state their self-perceived ethnicity.

List of SDE codes