The Coat of arms of Peru is the national symbolic emblem of Peru. Four variants are used: the Coat of arms per se (Escudo de Armas); the National Coat of arms, or National Shield (Escudo Nacional); the Great Seal of the State (Gran Sello del Estado); and the Naval Coat of arms (Escudo de la Marina de Guerra).
All four share the same escutcheon or shield, consisting of three elements: the top left section shows the vicuña, the national animal, on a light-blue field, representing the fauna of Peru; the tree in the top right section is the cinchona tree (the source of quinine, a powerful anti-malarial drug and the key flavorant in tonic water), on a white background, representing the national flora; and the bottom cornucopia with coins spilling from it, on a red field, represents the mineral resources of the country.
The Coat of arms (Escudo de Armas) has a palm branch on its left and an laurel one on its right, tied by a red and white ribbon, as well as a Holm oak Civic Crown above it. These represent God, gold, and glory. This variant is used on the national ensign (Enseña Nacional) or state flag. Its use on its own is infrequent, except on currency, both on coins and bills, and stamps.
Coordinates: 10°S 76°W / 10°S 76°W / -10; -76
Peru (i/pəˈruː/; Spanish: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw [pɪɾʊw];Aymara: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish:
República del Perú ), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.
Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization in Caral, one of the oldest in the world, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty with its capital in Lima, which included most of its South American colonies. Ideas of political autonomy later spread throughout Spanish America and Peru gained its independence, which was formally proclaimed in 1821. After the battle of Ayacucho, three years after proclamation, Peru ensured its independence. After achieving independence, the country remained in recession and kept a low military profile until an economic rise based on the extraction of raw and maritime materials struck the country, which ended shortly before the war of the Pacific. Subsequently, the country has undergone changes in government from oligarchic to democratic systems. Peru has gone through periods of political unrest and internal conflict as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peruvian wine is wine made in the South American country of Peru. Peruvian winemaking dates back to the Spanish colonization of the region in the 16th century.
Peru shares a similar climate with wine-producing country Chile, which is favourable for producing wine. In 2008, there were some 14,000 hectares (35,000 acres) of grape plantations in Peru, including table grapes, and some 610,000 hectolitres (13,000,000 imp gal; 16,000,000 US gal) of wine was produced, with an increasing trend in both plantations and wine production. Most vineyards are located on the central coast, around Pisco and Ica, where most of Peru's winemaking and distillation takes place.
Grape varieties cultivated include Albillo, Alicante Bouschet, Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Malbec, Moscatel, Sauvignon blanc and Torontel.
The first grapevines were brought to Peru shortly after its conquest by Spain. Spanish chroniclers from the time note that the first vinification in South America took place in the hacienda Marcahuasi of Cuzco. However, the largest and most prominent vineyards of the 16th and 17th century Americas were established in the Ica valley of south-central Peru. In the 1540s, Bartolomé de Terrazas and Francisco de Carabantes began vineyards in Peru. The latter established vineyards in Ica, which Spaniards from Andalucia and Extremadura used to introduce grapevines into Chile.
Perú is a village and rural locality (municipality) in La Pampa Province in Argentina.
Coordinates: 37°38′S 64°09′W / 37.633°S 64.150°W / -37.633; -64.150
That dawn, envoy arrives
Morning of October 28th
No day, proven by deed
Descendence of Sparta,
Athens and Crete!
Look north, ready to fight
Enemies charge from the hills
To arms, facing defeat
There's no surrender,
there's no retreat
Time after time,
force their enemies back to the line
Call to Arms banners fly in the wind,
For the glory of Hellas
Coat of Arms reading freedom or death,
Blood of king Leonidas
Air raid, pounding the land
Bombers are flying both day and night
Endure, six days of rain
Dropped by invaders,
bomb raid in vain
Strike hard, the tables have turned,
Drive them back over the hills
At arms, just like before,
Soldiers, civilians, Hellas at war
By their own hand,
force their enemy out of their land
Call to Arms banners fly in the wind,
For the glory of Hellas
Coat of Arms reading freedom or death,
Blood of king Leonidas
Just like their ancestors ages ago
Fought in the place of the greeks
Cause we will remember what the place were called
Freedom or death in the plains
Just like their ancestors ages ago
Fought in the face of defeat
Those three hundred men left a pride to uphold
Freedom or death in effect
Then, now again
Blood of heroes saving their land
Call to Arms banners fly in the wind,
For the glory of Hellas
Coat of Arms reading freedom or death,