Coan wine is wine from the Greek island of Kos, and in particular a style of wine invented there in classical antiquity that was known for its saltiness.
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History [link]
This distinctively salty style of wine was, according to Pliny, invented accidentally by a slave, who added sea water to the must to meet his production quota.[1] The result apparently became popular, and was imitated by neighboring wine makers, such as those on Rhodes. From about the 4th century BC, it began to be exported in large quantities.[2] Since the addition of salt water tended to mask any local distinctiveness, other regions even began manufacturing amphorae in the Coan style in which to ship their imitations of Coan-style wine, meaning that by some point "Coan wine" became a generic term for a style of wine that was in fact made in many different locations.[1]
The wine's reputation was quite good in classical Greece—Strabo mentions it alongside the well-regarded Chian and Lesbian wines.[2] The connoisseurs of ancient Rome, however, preferred wines without sea water added, and both Pliny and Galen strongly recommend unadulterated wines such as those of Chios.[1]
Production [link]
Two accounts of the production of Coan-style wine survive, one given by Cato the Elder in De Agri Cultura, and the other, attributed to Berytius, in the Byzantine collection Geoponica.[1] Two alternate recipes are attributed to Berytius. The first prescribes boiling 3 parts must and 1 part sea water down to two thirds. The other prescribes starting with 2 metretai white wine and mixing into it: 1 cup salt, 3 cups hepsetos, 1 cup vetch flour, 100 drachmai melilot, 16 drachmai apples, and 16 drachmai Celtic nard.
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ a b c d Andrew Dalby (2002). Empire of Pleasures: Luxury and Indulgence in the Roman World. Routledge. pp. 134–136. ISBN 0-415-28073-7.
- ^ a b Konstantinos Spanoudakis (2002). Philitas of Cos. BRILL. p. 203. ISBN 90-04-12428-4.
https://wn.com/Coan_wine
Wine
Wine (from Latin vinum) is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes or other fruits. Due to a natural chemical balance, grapes ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine. These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir (the special characteristics imparted by geography, geology, climate and plant genetics) and subsequent appellation (the legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown), along with human intervention in the overall process.
Wine has been produced for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of wine to date was found in the country of Georgia, where 8000-year old wine jars were uncovered. Traces of wine have also been found in Iran with 7,000-year-old wine jars and in Armenia with the 6100-year old Areni-1 winery, which is considered to be the earliest known winery by far. The earliest form of grape-based fermented drink however, was found in northern China, where archaeologists discovered 9000-year old pottery jars. Wine had reached the Balkans by c. 4500 BC and was consumed and celebrated in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Throughout history, wine has been consumed for its intoxicating effects, which are evident at normal serving sizes.
Wine (bishop)
Wine (or Wini; died before 672) was a medieval Bishop of London and the first Bishop of Winchester.
Wine was consecrated the first bishop of Winchester in 660 and possibly translated to Dorchester around 663. In 666, he was translated from Dorchester to London.
Bede tells us that Wine was ordained bishop in the Frankish kingdom and that King Cenwalh of Wessex installed him after disagreements with the previous Frankish bishop, Agilbert. Wine too was forced to leave after a few years and took refuge with Wulfhere, king of Mercia, who installed him in London, after a payment to Wulfhere.
In 665, while in Wessex, Wine took part with two Welsh or British bishops in the ordination of Chad as bishop of the Northumbrians, an act that was uncanonical because the other two bishops' ordination was not recognised by Rome. This would have resulted in his being disciplined, along with Chad, by Theodore of Tarsus, the new archbishop of Canterbury, who arrived in 669. Since Bede does not list him among the miscreants at this point, it is possible he had died by this date.
Wine (1924 film)
Wine was a 1924 American silent melodrama directed by Louis J. Gasnier, produced and released by Universal Pictures under their 'Jewel' banner. The film featured Clara Bow in her first starring role. The film is now presumed lost.
Synopsis
Set during the Prohibition Era, Wine exposes the widespread liquor traffic in the upper-classes. Bow portrays an innocent girl who develops into a "wild redhot mama".
Cast
Reviews
Podcasts:
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by Ken 7
ILARGIA
by: Ken 7Esaiozu euriari berriz, ez jauzteko
Esan bakardadeari gaur ez etortzeko.
Na na na na na na na na
Na na na na na na na na.
Eusten nauen soka zara ta itotzen nauena
Ametsak sortu zizkidana galtzen dituena.
Na na na na na na na na
Na na na na na na na na
Zuretzat ilargia lapurtuko nuke gauero,
Eta zu itsu zaude bere argia ikusteko,
Irrifarrez, gero minez eragin didazu negarra,
Nire sua itzali da,
Ez zara gaueko izar bakarra, ez zara!!
Esan sentitzen dudana ez dela egia
Une baten sinisteko ez garen guztia.
Na na na na na na na na
Na na na na na na na na
Zuretzat ilargia lapurtuko nuke gauero,
Eta zu itsu zaude bere argia ikusteko,
Irrifarrez, gero minez eragin didazu negarra
Nire sua itzali da,
Ez zara gaueko izar bakarra, ez zara!!
Na na na na na na na na