Chi

Chi may refer to:

Greek

Chinese

Igbo

Japanese

Other

In science

In fiction and popular culture

Chi (magazine)

Chi (Italian for "Who") is an Italian weekly gossip magazine geared towards a female viewership published in Milan, Italy.

History and profile

Chi was established in 1995. The magazine, published weekly, is based in Segrate, Milan, Italy and its publisher is Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. The company is headed by Marina Berlusconi, Silvio Berlusconi’s older daughter. Alfonso Signorini is the editor of the weekly.

In 2004 the circulation of Chi was 524,482 copies. The magazine had a circulation of 503,984 copies in 2007. In 2010 its circulation was 403,599 copies.

Photo of Princess Diana

The magazine came under criticism for publishing a picture of Princess Diana, taken as she was dying. The photo, which is black-and-white, depicts Diana receiving oxygen in the wreckage of the vehicle in which she died on 31 August 1997. The picture, which was also run with black bars across the Princess's face in the British newspaper The Sun, was taken from the book Lady Diana : L'enquete criminelle by Jean-Michel Caradec'h. Despite the criticism, the editor of the magazine defended their decision to publish it.

Qi (state)

Qi (Chinese: 齊; Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China. Its capital was Linzi (present-day Zibo in Shandong).

Qi was founded around in 1046 BC as one of the many vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty. The first ruler of Qi was Jiang Ziya, the most powerful official during that time. The Jiang family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BC. In 221 BC, Qi was the last major state of pre-Imperial China to be conquered by the State of Qin, which became the Qin Dynasty, the first centralized empire of China.

History

Foundation

With the founding of the Zhou dynasty in 1046 BC,King Wu of Zhou assigned the conquered lands as hereditary fiefs to his relatives and ministers. Territory in the area of modern-day Shandong was given to Jiang Ziya, his most important general from which the state of Qi arose. Little information survives from this period. King Yi of Zhou (r. 865–858) attacked Qi and boiled Duke Ai of Qi to death. At the time of King Xuan of Zhou (r. 827–782) there was a succession struggle. During this time many of the native Dongyi peoples were absorbed into the Qi state.

Phi

Phi (uppercase Φ, lowercase or ; Ancient Greek: ϕεῖ, pheî, [pʰé͜e]; modern Greek: φι, fi, [fi]; English: /faɪ/) is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In Ancient Greek, it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive ([pʰ]), which was the origin of its usual romanization as "ph". In modern Greek, it represents a voiceless labiodental fricative ([f]) and is correspondingly romanized as "f". Its origin is uncertain but it may be that phi originated as the letter qoppa and initially represented the sound /kʷʰ/ before shifting to Classical Greek [pʰ]. In traditional Greek numerals, phi has a value of 500 (φʹ) or 500 000 (͵φ). The Cyrillic letter Ef (Ф, ф) descends from phi.

Phi is also used as a symbol for the golden ratio and on other occasions in math and science. This use is separately encoded as the Unicode glyph ϕ. The modern Greek pronunciation of the letter is sometimes encountered in English (as /fiː/) when the letter is being used in this sense.

Use as a symbol

The lower-case letter φ (or often its variant, ϕ) is often used to represent the following:

Phi (KinKi Kids album)

Phi (stylized as Φ) is the tenth studio album of the Japanese duo KinKi Kids. It is the first album by KinKi Kids to have a Greek-lettered title, rather than the traditional Latin-lettered album title. The album was certified platinum by the RIAJ for 250,000 copies shipped to stores in Japan.

Track list

Charts

References

External links