Chalk (disambiguation)

Chalk may refer to:

Surname

Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate, MgCO₃ (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals.

Forms

The most common magnesium carbonate forms are the anhydrous salt called magnesite (MgCO₃) and the di, tri, and pentahydrates known as barringtonite (MgCO₃·2 H₂O), nesquehonite (MgCO₃·3 H₂O), and lansfordite (MgCO₃·5 H₂O), respectively. Some basic forms such as artinite (MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·3 H₂O), hydromagnesite (4 MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·4 H₂O), and dypingite (4 MgCO₃· Mg(OH)₂·5 H₂O) also occur as minerals.

Magnesite consists of white trigonal crystals. The anhydrous salt is practically insoluble in water, acetone, and ammonia. All forms of magnesium carbonate react in acids. Magnesium carbonate crystallizes in the calcite structure where in Mg²⁺ is surrounded by six oxygen atoms. The dihydrate one has a triclinic structure, while the trihydrate has a monoclinic structure.

References to 'light' and 'heavy' magnesium carbonates actually refer to the magnesium hydroxy carbonates hydromagnesite and dypingite (respectively).

Chalk (military)

In military terminology, a chalk is a group of paratroopers or other soldiers that deploy from a single aircraft. A chalk often corresponds to a platoon-sized unit for air assault operations, or a company-minus-sized organization for airborne operations. For air transport operations, it can consist of up to a company-plus-sized unit. Oftentimes, a load of paratroopers in one aircraft, prepared for a drop, is also referred to as a stick.

The term was first coined in World War II for airborne troops during Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Europe. The aircraft flight number was placed on the troops' backs with chalk. It was later used during the Vietnam War, when it was common practice to number with chalk the sides of the helicopters involved in an operation. During the Battle of Mogadishu (1993), the battle plan called for four chalks from the 75th Ranger Regiment to fast rope down from hovering MH-60L Black Hawk helicopters around the target building. The rangers would then create a four-corner defensive perimeter. The plan failed as two of the Black Hawks were shot down, and the assault turned into a forced evacuation.

Dust (Benjy Davis Project album)

Dust is Benjy Davis Project's third studio album. It was released on September 18, 2007. Benjy Davis Project was soon signed to Rock Ridge Music in August 2008, and re-released Dust on November 4, 2008. The new release was remixed and included three new songs. The song "Sweet Southern Moon" was featured in an advertisement campaign for Louisiana-based Abita Brewing Company.

Track listing

All songs were composed by Benjy Davis, except as noted.

Toz (film)

Toz (means "dust" in Turkish) is a Turkish short film. It gained a number of awards at various film festivals in the category of short films.

The film is a series of microepisodes that portray elements of an imperfect relationship of a couple: abuse, control, incomprehension, acceptance.

Awards

Dust (disambiguation)

Dust consists of fine, solid particles of matter borne in the air settling onto surfaces. Numerous articles using the word in this familiar, everyday sense include:

Dust may also refer to:

Science

Music

Torture and the United States

Torture and the United States includes documented and alleged cases of torture both inside and outside the United States by members of the U.S. government, the U.S. military, U.S. law enforcement agencies, U.S. intelligence agencies, U.S. health care services, and other U.S. public organizations.

This includes the U.S. government, fifty U.S. state and territorial governments, 3,033 county, and thousands of municipal governments, all of which have their own independent judicial systems. All are subject to the U.S. Constitution and their own state constitutions.

While the term "torture" is defined in numerous places, including dictionaries and encyclopedias of various nations or cultures, this article only addresses the legal definition of the term, under the codified and case law of the United States of America. After the U.S. dismissed United Nations concerns about torture in 2006, one UK judge observed 'America's idea of what is torture ... does not appear to coincide with that of most civilized nations'. A two-year study by U.S. independent group The Constitution Project concluded that it was "indisputable" that U.S. forces had employed torture as well as "cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment" in many interrogations; that "the nation's most senior officials" bear ultimate responsibility for allowing and contributing to the spread of these techniques, and that there is substantial evidence that information obtained by these methods was neither useful nor reliable.