Castra
In the Latin language of the ancient Roman Empire, castra (singular castrum) were buildings or plots of land reserved for or constructed for use as a military defensive position. The word appears in both Oscan and Umbrian (dialects of Italic) as well as in Latin. In classical Latin the word castra means "great legionary encampment" and included "marching", "temporary" and "fortified permanent" ones, while the diminutive form castellum was used for the smaller forts, which were usually, but not always, occupied by the auxiliary units and used as logistic bases for the legions, as explained by Vegetius. A generic term is praesidium ("guard post or garrison"). The terms stratopedon ("army camp") and phrourion ("fort") were used by Greek language authors, in order to designate the Roman castra and the Roman castellum respectively. In English, the terms "Roman fortress", "Roman fort" and "Roman camp" are commonly used for the castra. However, scholastic convention tends toward the use of the word "camp", "marching camp" and "fortress" as a translation of castra, and the use of the word "fort" as a translation of castellum. These conventions are usually followed and found in scholarly works.
Castro, Lazio
Castro was an ancient city on the west side of Lake Bolsena in the present-day comune of Ischia di Castro, northern Lazio, Italy. It was destroyed at the conclusion of the Wars of Castro in the 17th century.
Early history
The settlement of Castro was founded in prehistoric times, and was later the seat of an unspecified Etruscan city, probably Statonia. In the Middle Ages it had a castle (Latin: castrum), hence the name. Although an autonomous commune, it remained nonetheless under papal suzerainty. In 1527 a pro-independence faction assumed power, but they were later ousted by Pier Luigi Farnese, whose family was to rule Castro until the 17th century. In the same year another Farnese, Gian Galeazzo, sacked it in the wake of the Sack of Rome.
Ten years later, in 1537, three years after the election of Alessandro Farnese as Pope Paul III, it became the seat of an independent duchy under his son Pier Luigi Farnese. The town, which in the meantime had been reduced to "gypsies' huts" (in the words of a contemporary), was reconstructed according to the design of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.
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Gilles De Rais ('le Bon Sire')
by: CastrumOne great french marshal, Gilles de Laval
Killed the innocent children
In the name of Demon,
Evil Count Of Brienne,
Who possessed by Satan
Enjoyed and reveled on the Orgy of Blood
Orgy in Blood was the biggest pleasure
For the Count Of Pederasty
Oh, Gilles de Rais, "Le bon sire"
Poor children of serfs
(for whom cried their mothers)
Died in awful castles
And these were their caskets
Gilles de Rais was rich,
But he ran into debt
Because of his fantastic luxuries,
Therefore this count
Evoked the devil
And he slayed by Demonolatry
In the marshal's manor-houses
The devil-worship and black-art
Were bred and prospered
By this pederast and his conjurer,
Francesco Prelati
Before the engagement of italian deceiver
Count Of Brienne massacred the children of beggars
And he laughed their spittings of blood
Oh, base Gilles de Rais, Oh, mean Count Of Sodomy
Children of serfs
(for whom cried their mothers)
Were Victimized by knight (Sodomite)
Oh, the children! Oh, the guiltless children!
The Count Of Arrogance, Gilles de Laval
Confessed on the Trial all his sins,
The Baron of Impertinence, Gilles de Rais
Slaughtered because of his culpable lust
The God-forsaken Squire committed forty murders,
For that very reason his name (and his gloriole)
Were blemished forever
By Blood of Innocent children
One mournful autumn day the guilty marshal (Gilles de Rais)
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