Bioavailability

In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via other routes (such as orally), its bioavailability generally decreases (due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism) or may vary from patient to patient. Bioavailability is one of the essential tools in pharmacokinetics, as bioavailability must be considered when calculating dosages for non-intravenous routes of administration.

For dietary supplements, herbs and other nutrients in which the route of administration is nearly always oral, bioavailability generally designates simply the quantity or fraction of the ingested dose that is absorbed.

Bioavailability is defined slightly differently for drugs as opposed to dietary supplements primarily due to the method of administration and Food and Drug Administration regulations.

Active (album)

Active is the 22nd album by the jazz fusion group Casiopea recorded and released in 1992. The album was recorded in Australia, Also where Casiopea's Live Album "Made in Melbourne" (and "We Want More", which continues the Live Set) was recorded.

Track listing

Personnel

CASIOPEA are

Production

Release history

References

External links

Active (1764 ship)

Active was a ship built in 1764. She transported convicts to Australia in 1791. She returned home via Bombay, carrying a cargo for the British East India Company (EIC). A French privateer captured her in May 1793 as she was returning to Britain.

Convict transport

She served the EIC from 1791 until 1793. Under the command of Master John Mitchinson, she departed Plymouth on 27 March 1791 as part of the third fleet, and arrived on 26 September 1791 in Port Jackson, New South Wales. She embarked 175 male convicts, 21 of whom died during the voyage.

Active left Port Jackson on 3 December 1781, in company with Albemarle.

Fate

Active left Bombay on 23 December 1792 in company with Albemarle. French privateers captured Active in May 1793. One source states that she was coming from Canton and that her captor took her to Morlaix, France. A contemporary report in Lloyd's List reports Active as having come from Bombay, and her captor taking her into Brest. The same issue has a separate report of a privateer having taken Albemarle and having sent her into France. A later report has Albemarle going into Morlaix.

Manhã de Carnaval

"Manhã de Carnaval" ("Morning of Carnival"), is the most popular song by Brazilian composer Luiz Bonfá and lyricist Antônio Maria.

Manhã de Carnaval appeared as a principal theme in the 1959 Portuguese-language film Orfeu Negro (Black Orpheus) by French director Marcel Camus, with a soundtrack that also included a number of memorable songs by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes, as well as another composition by Bonfá (Samba de Orfeu). Manhã de Carnaval appears in multiple scenes in the film, including versions sung or hummed by both the principal characters (Orfeu and Euridice), as well as an instrumental version, so that the song has been described as the "main" musical theme of the film. In the portion of the film in which the song is sung by the character Orfeu, portrayed by Breno Mello, the song was dubbed by Agostinho dos Santos. The song was initially rejected for inclusion in the film by Camus, but Bonfá was able to convince the director that the music for Manhã de Carnaval was superior to the song Bonfá composed as a replacement.Orfeu Negro was an international success (winning, for example, an Academy Award in 1960), and brought the song to a large audience.

Carnival (video game)

Carnival is a fixed shooter arcade game created by Sega in 1980. It has the distinction of being the first video game with a bonus round.

Carnival was ported to the Atari 2600, ColecoVision, and Intellivision. An Atari 8-bit family version was published in 1982 by ANALOG Software, the commercial software branch of ANALOG Computing magazine.

Gameplay

The goal of the game is to shoot at targets, while carefully avoiding running out of bullets. Three rows of targets scroll across the screen in alternating directions; these include rabbits, ducks, owls, and extra-bullet targets, with higher rows awarding more points. If a duck reaches the bottom row without being shot, it will come to life and begin flying down toward the player. Any ducks that reach the bottom of the screen in this manner will eat some of the player's bullets. A large pop-up target above the top row can either award or subtract bullets or points when hit. A spinning wheel with eight pipes also sits above the top row; these pipes and all targets must be shot in order to complete the round. In addition, a bonus counter increases by the value of every target shot in the three rows. A bonus counter increases for every target hit in any of the three rows, and can be collected by shooting the letters of the word "BONUS" in order as they cycle through the rows. The bonus stops increasing as soon as any letter is shot.

Carnival (Bottom)

"Carnival" is the sixth and final episode of the third and final series of British television sitcom Bottom. It was first broadcast on 10 February 1995.

Synopsis

The episode opens with Richie and Eddie sitting in "The best seats for the annual Hammersmith riot" (which is watching through their own lounge window). While admiring the ongoing violence taking place during what is supposed to be a carnival parade, Richie and Eddie decide to do some looting "When Currys blows", with one of the planned items to loot being a TV set. When they return to their flat with the events of their looting not seen to the viewers, it is discovered to them that Eddie dropped the TV while being run over by the "riot squad", but to his excitement still got the free rubber duck that "came with the telly", although "everything came free with the telly". They then notice that the packs of Malibu from earlier have been taken while they were away. However, despite the disaster with the TV set loot, they still manage to pick up their shopping for the year and a large quantity of Orion VCRs (which is revealed near the end of the episode as one of the items Eddie looted), as well as a BBC video camera with tape which Richie took while thinking he had every right to as he pays his television licence fees, although Eddie says he don't, Richie replies "But they don't know that!" before Eddie calls him a "master criminal".