Ceredigion

Sir Ceredigion

Geography
Area - Total - % Water	Ranked 4th 1,783 km2 ? %
Admin HQ	Aberaeron / Aberystwyth
ISO 3166-2	GB-CGN
ONS code	00NQ
Demographics
Population: - (2010 est.) - Density	Ranked 19th 76,900 Ranked 21st 43 / km2
Ethnicity	99.5% White
Welsh language - Any skills	Ranked 4th 61.2%
Politics
Ceredigion County Council https://www.ceredigion.gov.uk/
Motto	Golud Gwlad Rhyddid (Wealth, Land, Freedom)
Control	TBA (council NOC)
MP	Mark Williams
AMs	Elin Jones (Constituency) Mid and West Wales (Regional)
MEPs	Wales

Ceredigion (Welsh pronunciation: [kɛrɛˈdɪɡjɔn]) is a county and former kingdom in mid-west Wales. As Cardiganshire (Welsh: Sir Aberteifi), it was created in 1282, and was reconstituted as a county under that name in 1996, reverting to Ceredigion a day later.^[1] In extent the current county is more or less identical to the historic county.

History [link]

In pre-Roman, and possibly Roman times, a part of southern Ceredigion was in the territory of the Demetae and possibly part of that of the Ordovices. According to Nennius, a 10th-century Welsh chronicler, Ceredig, son of the Welsh invader Cunedda, settled in the area in the 5th century.^[2] It remained a kingdom ruled by his descendants until it expanded and changed its name, first to Seisyllwg in the late 7th century and, after the union of Seisyllwg with the Kingdom of Dyfed, it was incorporated into Deheubarth in the mid 10th century.^[3]

In 1282, Edward I of England conquered the principality of Wales and divided the area into counties. The name Cardigan was an Anglicisation of the name for the historic kingdom of Ceredigion. One of thirteen traditional counties in Wales, Cardiganshire was also a vice-county. Cardiganshire was split into the five hundreds (administrative area) of Genau'r-Glyn, Ilar, Moyddyn, Penarth and Troedyraur.^[4][5] The area of the county became a district of Wales under the name Ceredigion in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and, since 1996, has formed the county of Ceredigion.

Geography [link]

Ceredigion, shown on a map with traditional boundaries

Ceredigion is a coastal county, bordered by Cardigan Bay to the west, Gwynedd to the north, Powys to the east, Carmarthenshire to the south and Pembrokeshire to the south-west. Its area is 440,630 acres (1795 km²). The population of the county at the 2001 census was 74,941.

The main settlements are Aberaeron, Aberarth, Aberporth, Aberystwyth, Borth, Cardigan, Lampeter, Llanddewi Brefi, Llandysul, Llanilar, Llanrhystud, New Quay, Penparcau and Tregaron. The largest of these are Aberystwyth and Cardigan.

The Cambrian Mountains cover much of the east of the county; this large area forms part of the desert of Wales. In the south and west, the surface is less elevated. The highest point is Pumlumon at 2,467 feet (752 m), where five rivers have their source: the Severn, the Wye, the Dulas, the Llyfnant and the Rheidol, the last of which meets the Afon Mynach in a 300 feet (91 m) plunge at the Devil's Bridge chasm. The largest river is the River Teifi which forms the border with Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire for part of its length. Other significant rivers include the River Aeron which has its estuary at Aberaeron, and the River Ystwyth and the River Rheidol both of which reach the sea in Aberystwyth harbour.

Ceredigion's 50 miles (80 km) of coastline boasts some fine sandy beaches and high quality transparent sea water. In 1911 Ceredigion's beaches were awarded 5 Blue Flag Awards, 4 Green Coast Awards, and 14 Seaside Awards.^[6] Ceredigion is one of only two places in the United Kingdom with a permanent summer residence of bottlenose dolphins.^[7]

Ceredigion had the largest population growth of any county in Wales, with a 19.5% increase from 1991 to 2003.^[8] Tourism and agriculture, chiefly hill farming, are the most important industries. In addition, two universities are within the county boundaries: Aberystwyth University and the Lampeter campus of the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David. The National Library of Wales, founded in 1907, is in Aberystwyth.

The county has no large commercial areas. The nearest substantial settlements are located at least 1 hour 45 minutes drive away. Approximate road distances from Ceredigion's largest town, Aberystwyth, are: Swansea, 75 miles (121 km) to the south; Shrewsbury, 76 miles (122 km) to the east, in the English county of Shropshire; and Wrexham, 82 miles (132 km) to the northeast. The capital, Cardiff, is over 100 miles (160 km) from most parts of the county.

Although Ceredigion and Gwynedd share a boundary, it is not possible to travel directly between the two as all road and rail links avoid the Dyfi estuary and pass through Dyfi Junction or Machynlleth in Powys.

In recent years, the county has gained more recognition of its connection with Dylan Thomas: he lived in New Quay and Talsarn and frequented Aberaeron and Lampeter. The Dylan Thomas Trail runs through part of the county, linking the places associated with the poet.^[9]

Local government [link]

Between 1888 and 1974, the county was governed by Cardiganshire County Council, which took over the functions of county administration from the Quarter Sessions court in 1889. The county was abolished in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 — and it was succeeded by the district of Ceredigion in the new county of Dyfed. This district became a unitary authority on 1 April 1996 under the name of Cardiganshire, only to change its name back to Ceredigion the following day. It has, apart from minor realignments, identical borders to the former county.

A referendum was held on 20 May 2004 on whether to have a directly elected mayor for the county. The Llais Ceredigion political initiative had been formed with this aim. ^[10] The idea was rejected by a large majority.

Language [link]

Ceredigion has the third highest proportion of Welsh speakers in the population (52% at the 2001 census); only Gwynedd and the Isle of Anglesey have a higher proportion. The number of Welsh speakers declined in Ceredigion from 59.1% in 1991 to 51.8% in 2003.^[8]

Non-Welsh speakers tend to be more concentrated in and around the two university towns and along the coast, e.g. in Borth only 40% of the population was born in Wales and 36% of residents are Welsh-speaking.^{[citation needed]}

Places of interest [link]

• Aberystwyth Castle
• Aberystwyth Electric Cliff Railway,
• Ceredigion Museum, Aberystwyth
• Cwmystwyth Mines
• Devil's Bridge
• Elvis Rock
• Hafod Estate
• Llanerchaeron
• Nanteos Mansion
• Strata Florida Abbey
• Trawsgoed
• Vale of Rheidol Railway
• Welsh Gold Centre, Tregaron
• National Library of Wales
• Pumlumon- the source of the rivers Severn and Wye.

See also [link]

• List of Lord Lieutenants of Cardiganshire
• List of High Sheriffs of Cardiganshire
• Centre points of the United Kingdom
• Menter Iaith

References [link]

1. ^ WalesGenWeb.com - Cardiganshire
2. ^ Davies, John, A History of Wales
3. ^ HistoryFiles.co.uk - Celts of Cymru - Ceredigion
4. ^ Margaret Escott (2009). "Cardiganshire; The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820-1832, ed. D.R. Fisher". historyofparliamentonline.org. Cambridge University Press. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/constituencies/cardiganshire. Retrieved 26 April 2012. 
5. ^ Society for the Difussion of Useful Knowledge (1836). "The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Difussion of Useful Knowledge". Charles Knight. p. 287. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-uJIMJ3n-JgC&pg=PA287#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 26 April 2012. 
6. ^ Ceredigion tourism - Beaches]
7. ^ Cardiganshire Coast & Country
8. ^ ^{a b} Census shows Welsh language rise Friday, 14 February, 2003 extracted 12-04-07
9. ^ The Dylan Thomas Trail by D. N. Thomas, Y Lolfa 2002
10. ^ BBC News Report on its formation

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ceredigion

• Ceredigion at the Open Directory Project
• Ceredigion County Council
• Ceredigion Tourist Information
• Tourist Information from the Welsh Assembly Government

v t e Ceredigion Principal settlements Aberaeron Aberporth Aberystwyth Cardigan Lampeter Llandysul New Quay Tregaron Towns, villages and communities Aberarth Aberbanc Aberffrwd Aberlerry Abermagwr Aber-meurig Aberporth Alltyblacca Betws Ifan Beulah Blaencelyn Borth Bow Street Caemorgan Caerwedros Capel Bangor Capel Dewi Ciliau Aeron Comins Coch Cribyn Cwmann Cwmystwyth Devil's Bridge Dôl-y-bont Eisteddfa Gurig Eglwys Fach Elerch Ffostrasol Furnace Glandyfi Gorsgoch Gwbert Llanarth Llanbadarn Fawr Llanddewi Brefi Llandre (Llanfihangel Genau'r Glyn) Llandyfriog Llandygwydd Llanfarian Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn Llanfihangel Ystrad Llangeitho Llangoedmor Llangrannog Llangybi Llangynfelyn Llanilar Llanon Llanrhystud Llansantffraed Llanwenog Llechryd Lledrod Lovesgrove Melindwr Mwnt Oakford Penbryn Penparc Penparcau Penrhyn-coch Penuwch Peny-y-garn Ponterwyd Pontrhydfendigaid Pontrhydygroes Pont-Siân Rhydowen Rhydypennau Salem Silian Talgarreg Tal-y-bont Tirymynach Trefeurig Tregaron Tresaith Tre-Taliesin Tre'r Ddôl Troed y Rhiw Troedyraur Upper Borth Waunfawr Y Faenor Y Ferwig Ynyslas Ysbyty Ystwyth Ystrad Aeron Ystrad Meurig Ystumtuen Universities and colleges Aberystwyth University University of Wales, Trinity Saint David Coleg Ceredigion Rivers Aeron Arth Brenig Clarach Dulas Leri Llyfnant Mynach Rheidol Teifi Wyre Ystwyth Castles Aberdyfi Aberystwyth Cardigan Castell Gwallter Dinerth Lampeter Castle Islands Ynys Aberteifi (Cardigan Island) Ynys Lochtyn

Coordinates: 52°15′10″N 4°00′01″W / 52.25278°N 4.00028°W / 52.25278; -4.00028