Raw image format
A camera raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image scanner, or motion picture film scanner. Raw files are named so because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited with a bitmap graphics editor. Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter in a wide-gamut internal colorspace where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a "positive" file format such as TIFF or JPEG for storage, printing, or further manipulation, which often encodes the image in a device-dependent colorspace. There are dozens, if not hundreds, of raw formats in use by different models of digital equipment (like cameras or film scanners).
Rationale
Raw image files are sometimes called digital negatives, as they fulfill the same role as negatives in film photography: that is, the negative is not directly usable as an image, but has all of the information needed to create an image. Likewise, the process of converting a raw image file into a viewable format is sometimes called developing a raw image, by analogy with the film development process used to convert photographic film into viewable prints. The selection of the final choice of image rendering is part of the process of white balancing and color grading.
Cap (crown)
The cap of a crown is the cap which fills the inner space of a modern crown. While ancient crowns contained no cap, from mediaeval times it became traditional to fill the circlet with a cap of velvet or other such cloth, with a base of ermine.
While the precise reason for the inclusion of a cap is unknown, two reasons are often given:
Not all crowns contained cloth caps. Some caps were metallic and heavily jewelled.
Cap (disambiguation)
A cap is a form of headgear.
Cap may refer to:
Lids, covers, closures
In arts and entertainment
People
In science and technology
Kalevala, Russia
Kalevala (Russian: Калевала; Karelian: Kalevala) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kalevalsky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,529.
History
It was named Ukhta (Ухта) until 1963, when it was renamed after the Finnish Kalevala epos. The poem collection was in part collected in Ukhta.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kalevala serves as the administrative center of Kalevalsky District, of which it is a part. As a municipal division, Kalevala, together with one rural locality (the settlement of Kuusiniyemi) is incorporated within Kalevalsky Municipal District as Kalevalskoye Urban Settlement.
Climate
Kalevala has a subarctic climate. Its climate is somewhat tempered by its relative proximity to mild marine areas, ensuring winters that are more habitable than areas further east. However in spite of this, the winter season is dominant and summers are short and cool.
Kalevala (disambiguation)
The Kalevala is the Finnish national epic poem.
It can also refer to:
