Canal

Canals and navigations are human-made channels for water. In the vernacular both are referred to as 'canals'. The main difference between them is that a navigation parallels a river and shares its drainage basin, while a canal cuts across a drainage divide.

Types of artificial waterways

A navigation is a series of channels that run roughly parallel to the valley and stream bed of an unimproved river. A navigation always shares the drainage basin of the river. A vessel uses the calm parts of the river itself as well as improvements, traversing the same changes in height.

A true canal is a channel that cuts across a drainage divide, making a navigable channel connecting two different drainage basins.

Most commercially important canals of the first half of the 19th-century were a little of each, using rivers in long stretches, and divide crossing canals in others. This is true for many canals still in use.

Structures used in artificial waterways

Both navigations and canals use engineered structures to improve navigation:

Polish language

Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is a Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and the native language of the Poles. It belongs to the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages. Polish is the official language of Poland, but it is also used throughout the world by Polish minorities in other countries. It is one of the official languages of the European Union. Its written standard is the Polish alphabet, which has 9 additions to the letters of the basic Latin script (ą, ć, ę, ł, ń, ó, ś, ź, ż). Polish is closely related to Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Czech and Slovak.

Although the Austrian, German and Russian administrations exerted much pressure on the Polish nation (during the 19th and early 20th centuries) following the Partitions of Poland, which resulted in attempts to suppress the Polish language, a rich literature has regardless developed over the centuries and the language currently has the largest number of speakers of the West Slavic group. It is also the second most widely spoken Slavic language, after Russian and just ahead of Ukrainian, which comes third.

Canal (disambiguation)

A canal is a human-made channel for water.

Canal may also refer to:

People

Places

Fjords

Rayü

Rayu is a village in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.

See also

Coordinates: 31°04′N 95°09′E / 31.067°N 95.150°E / 31.067; 95.150

Ray (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)

Ray is the seventh album by L'Arc-en-Ciel, released on July 1, 1999, simultaneously with Ark. It reached number two on the Oricon chart, behind only Ark, and sold over two million copies, being certified by the RIAJ.

Track listing

Personnel

References

Ray (surname)

Ray is a common surname in eastern India, and in many English-speaking countries.

In India, it is an anglicized version of Rai Chowdhary or Roy Chowdhary, also written as Roy. The name comes from the same root as Raj, which is also the root of the Latin rex (king), English reign and royal, etc.

The English surname may come from the same root, probably via French roi; it can also come from a Middle English term meaning a female roe deer, or from the place-names Rye and Wray, among other possible roots.

Fictional characters

People

See also