Camp X-Ray (Guantanamo)

Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. The first twenty detainees arrived at Guantanamo on 11 January 2002. It was named Camp X-Ray because various temporary camps in the station were named sequentially from the beginning and then from the end of the NATO phonetic alphabet. The legal status of detainees at the camp, as well as government processes for trying their cases, has been a significant source of controversy; several landmark cases have been determined by the United States Supreme Court.

As of 29 April 2002, the official Camp X-Ray was closed and all prisoners were transferred to Camp Delta.

Background

Camp X-Ray was originally built during Operation Sea Signal to house "excludables" in the mid 1990s when Fidel Castro allowed any Cuban wishing to do so, to cross through the Cuban-operated minefields and enter the base. Excludables were held in Camp X-ray near Post 37 before being sent back to Cuba. Excludables included troublemakers from the regular camps, where the United States was processing Cuban Asylum Seekers (CAS) for emigration to the United States. The US government was at the time allowed access to Cuban records to process these people. Over 100,000 CAS were processed in the mid-1990s and allowed to enter the United States.

Camp X-Ray (film)

Camp X-Ray is a 2014 American independent drama film based on the detention facility Camp X-Ray at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The film is the directorial debut of Peter Sattler who also wrote the screenplay. It stars Kristen Stewart and Peyman Moaadi with John Carroll Lynch, Lane Garrison, and Joseph Julian Soria in supporting roles. The film premiered on January 17, 2014 at 2014 Sundance Film Festival in the U.S. dramatic competition category and released on October 17, 2014 by IFC Films.

Plot

Army Private first-class Amy Cole (Kristen Stewart) is placed as a guard at Guantanamo Bay detention camp, specifically Camp Delta. As a new guard, she is first cold towards the detainees despite her contempt for the facilities handling of detainees. During her stay in the camp, she meets Ali (Peyman Moaadi), a German detainee from Bremen, who takes an interest in Amy. Amy is constantly annoyed by Ali's questions and ignores his advances. Eight months later, Amy is forced to watch Ali during his shower shift; since the shift was particularly uncomfortable towards Ali, Amy writes a report to her commanding officer. One night, Ali has a conversation with Amy about their backgrounds before Ali takes a blade and attempts to commit suicide, but was prevented by Amy. At this point, it is clear that her convictions towards the detainee are much different as she seems in distress and really affected by the possibility of him ending dead. Amy eventually is transferred and she tearfully leaves Guantanamo, leaving him the Harry Potter book Ali had been requesting for years, leaving a note inside.

X-ray

X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s), xray(s), and X ray(s).

X-rays with photon energies above 5–10 keV (below 0.2–0.1 nm wavelength) are called hard X-rays, while those with lower energy are called soft X-rays. Due to their penetrating ability, hard X-rays are widely used to image the inside of objects, e.g., in medical radiography and airport security. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. Since the wavelengths of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms they are also useful for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography. By contrast, soft X-rays are easily absorbed in air; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.

X-ray (chess)

In chess, the term X-ray or X-ray attack is sometimes used (1) as a synonym for skewer. The term is also sometimes used to refer to a tactic where a piece either (2) indirectly attacks an enemy piece through another piece or pieces or (3) defends a friendly piece through an enemy piece.

The second usage is seen in the position at left, which arises from the Black Knights' Tango opening after 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 Nc6 3.Nf3 e6 4.a3 d6 5.Nc3 g6!? 6.e4 Bg7 7.Be2 0-0 8.0-0 Re8 9.Be3 e5 10.d5 Nd4! Authors Richard Palliser and Georgi Orlov, in their respective books on that opening, both note that Black's rook on e8 "X-rays" White's e-pawn through Black's own pawn on e5. If 11.Nxd4 exd4 12.Bxd4 Nxe4 13.Nxe4 Rxe4. The identical position is reached, except that White has not played a2-a3, in the King's Indian Defense after 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6. Be2 e5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.Be3 Re8 9.d5 Nd4!

Of the position at right, arising from the Sveshnikov Variation of the Sicilian Defense, Atanas Kolev and Trajko Nedev observe, "On f1 the king is X-rayed by the f8-rook". They analyze the possible continuation 22...f5 23.exf5 Bxf5 24.Nxf5 Rxf5 25.Qg4 Bg5 (exploiting the pin along the f-file) 26.Kg2? Bxf4 27.Nxf4 Rg5 28.Nxg6+ Kg7 and White resigned in Delchev-Kotanjian, Kusadasi 2006.

X-ray (disambiguation)

X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

It may also refer to:

  • X-Ray Engine, a graphics engine used in S.T.A.L.K.E.R. videogame series
  • Instruments (application) (formerly Xray), a performance visualizer built into Mac OS X v10.5
  • X-Ray (Amazon Kindle), a reference tool incorporated in Amazon Kindle e-readers
  • X-Ray (ballet), Peter Martins' 1994 ballet to John Adams' Violin Concerto
  • X-ray (chess) or X-ray attack, a chess tactic
  • X-Ray (comics), a fictional character appearing in material published by Marvel Comics
  • X-Ray, a member of the hip hop group Monsta Island Czars
  • X-Ray music, see Dub music
  • The letter X in the NATO phonetic alphabet
  • A code name for an event of Operation Sandstone, a nuclear weapon test series conducted by the United States in April 1948
  • Landing Zone X-Ray, a landing zone in the Battle of Ia Drang
  • X-Ray (book), the title of the "unauthorized autobiography" of Ray Davies, founding member of the Kinks
  • XRay Magazine, a magazine based in Cincinnati, Ohio, founded by Stephen Novotni and Arie Vandenberg
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