Shorten (file format)

Shorten (SHN) is a file format used for compressing audio data. It is a form of data compression of files and is used to losslessly compress CD-quality audio files (44.1 kHz 16-bit stereo PCM). Shorten is no longer developed and other lossless audio codecs such as FLAC, Monkey's Audio (APE), TTA, and WavPack (WV) have become more popular. However, Shorten is still in use by some people because there are legally traded concert recordings in circulation that are encoded as Shorten files. Shorten files use the .shn file extension.

Handling Shorten files

Since few players or media writers attempt to decompress Shorten files, a standalone decompression program is usually required to convert to a different file format that those applications can handle. Some Rockbox applications can play Shorten files without decompression, and third-party Shorten plug-ins exist for Nero Burning ROM, Foobar2000, and Winamp. All libavcodec based players and converters support the Shorten codec.

SHN

SHN may refer to:

SHN (theatres)

SHN (formerly Shorenstein Hays Nederlander Theatres) is a theatrical production company in San Francisco. Under the leadership of commercial Broadway producers Carole Shorenstein Hays and Robert Nederlander, SHN has evolved from its inception in 1977 as a promoter of short engagements of national tours in one theatre to become the pre-eminent theatrical entertainment company in San Francisco presenting a year-round season of plays and musicals. SHN also owns and operates three historic theatres in San Francisco: the Curran, Orpheum and Golden Gate Theatres. SHN also consults on the Broadway series at the AT&T Performing Arts Center in Dallas.

For over 30 years, SHN has presented a Broadway series including musicals and plays featuring world premieres, pre-Broadway engagements, limited West Coast-only runs of productions starring the original Broadway casts and national tours.

Notable productions

SHN has hosted the world premieres and pre-Broadway engagements of numerous shows including: Wicked, Mamma Mia!, Baz Luhrman's La Bohème, the 2006 revival of A Chorus Line, Legally Blonde The Musical, and a new musical stage version of Irving Berlin's White Christmas. SHN engagements have kicked off the national tours of Jersey Boys, Spring Awakening, the Lincoln Center revival of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific, Avenue Q, Edward Scissorhands, and The Light in the Piazza, all immediately following their Broadway runs. SHN has presented the West Coast premieres of Caroline, or Change, I Am My Own Wife, Spamalot, The Color Purple, and the Pulitzer Prize winning play August: Osage County.

Calma

Calma Company, based in Sunnyvale, California, was, between 1965 and 1988, a vendor of digitizers and minicomputer-based graphics systems targeted at the cartographic and electronic, mechanical and architectural design markets.

In the electronic area, the company's best known products were GDS (an abbreviation for "Graphic Data System"), introduced in 1971, and GDS II, introduced in 1978. By the end of the 1970s, Calma systems were installed in virtually every major semiconductor manufacturing company.

The external format of the GDS II database, known as GDS II Stream Format, became a de facto standard for the interchange of IC mask information. The use of this format persisted into the 21st century, long after the demise of the GDS II computer system. In the integrated circuit industry jargon of 2008, "GDS II" referred no longer to the computer system, but to the format itself. Vendors of electronic design automation software often use the phrase "from RTL to GDSII" to imply that their system will take users from a high-level logic design to a completed integrated circuit layout ready for delivery to the mask vendor.

Čalma

Čalma (Serbian Cyrillic: Чалма) is a village located in the Sremska Mitrovica municipality, in the Syrmia District of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,675 people (2002 census).

Name

In Serbian, the village is known as Čalma (Чалма), in Croatian as Čalma, and in Hungarian as Csalma.

Demographics

Ethnic groups (2002 census):

The ethnic Germans consisted half of the village population before The Second World War.

Historical population

See also

References

Coordinates: 45°04′44″N 19°30′23″E / 45.0789°N 19.5064°E / 45.0789; 19.5064

Calma (gastropod)

Calma is a genus of marine nudibranch in the family Calmidae.

Species

Species in the genus Calma include:

References