Cai (state)

Cài (Chinese: 蔡; Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˁat-s kʷˁək) was an ancient Chinese state established at the beginning of the Zhou dynasty, rising to prominence during the Spring and Autumn Period, and destroyed early in the Warring States period.

History

Following his overthrow of the Shang king Zhou, King Wu of Zhou granted titles and territories to his younger brothers. The fifth brother, Cai Shu Du, was enfeoffed at present-day Shangcai (lit. "Upper Cai") in Henan. During the Three Guards Rebellion, he attempted to usurp the Duke of Zhou's position as regent to the young king and his defeat meant his deposition and exile.

Du's son Ji Hu, however, proved a loyal and capable ambassador for Cheng and the Duke of Zhou, and they rewarded him with the reëstablishment of his father's territory and title, which he was able to pass on to his own son, Ji Huang.

As the Chinese peerage developed, Cai was initially considered a county and then elevated to a march; it was never able, however, to become a duchy or kingdom in its own right. Invasions from Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period relocated Cai several times, first to Xincai (lit. "New Cai") in 531 BC and later to Xiacai (lit. "Lower Cai") at present-day Fengtai in Anhui. In 447 BC, King Hui of Chu conquered Cai completely, but allowed the marquesses to settle near Changde in Hunan and establish a rump state called Gaocai (lit. "Great Cai"). This was destroyed 80 years later.

Caio Ribeiro

Caio Ribeiro Decoussau (born 16 August 1975 in São Paulo) is a retired Brazilian football player nicknamed Caio, who played in Brazil with São Paulo, Santos, Flamengo, Fluminense, Gremio and Botafogo, in Italy with Internazionale joining for a World Record fee of £6.6m for a teenager at the time and Napoli, and in Germany with Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, as well as with the Brazil national team.

He participated at the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship, winning the Golden Ball.

He holds dual Brazilian and Italian nationality.

Since January 2008, Caio works as a sportscaster for Brazilian network Rede Globo television.

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Independiente F.C.

Club Atlético Independiente de la Chorrera (CAI) is a Panamanian football team playing in the Liga Nacional de Ascenso.

It was founded in 1982 and is based in La Chorrera, Panama. It used to be known as Independiente de la Chorrera.

History

CAI, as many football clubs, was created to satisfy the desires of young players to practice football. With the noticeable participation of Antonio Aguilar and Visitación Muñoz, that by 1982 begin to participate in local leagues of the district of La Chorrera especially the ones in the sector of Martin Sánchez. After obtaining various championships consecutively in the sector, the team was invited to participate in other leagues of sectarian level. In 1986 CAI joins the league of the Colon community, which at that time functioned as the district league, however in the years to follow the participation was regular without a lot of importance.

Transition

Calcium iodide

Calcium iodide (chemical formula CaI₂) is the ionic compound of calcium and iodine. This colourless deliquescent solid is a salt that is highly soluble in water. Its properties are similar to those for related salts, such as calcium chloride. It is used in photography. It is also used in cat food as a source of iodine.

Reactions

Henri Moissan first isolated pure calcium in 1898 by reducing calcium iodide with pure sodium metal:

Calcium iodide can be formed by treating calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, or calcium hydroxide with hydroiodic acid:

Calcium iodide slowly reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air, liberating iodine, which is responsible for the faint yellow color of impure samples.

References

State

State may refer to:

Law and politics

Science and technology

State (magazine)

State.ie (formerly State Magazine) is an Irish website and formerly a monthly music magazine, which launched in April 2008 and ceased to print in January 2009 having published a total of ten issues. The magazine continues online and was voted Best Music Site in 2008 and Best Web Publication in 2010 in the Irish Web Awards. Originally the concept of the magazine involved a hard copy of which there was a charge to purchase, however after six issues it was decided to make the magazine's content free both online and in print. The first issue, April 2008, appeared on Irish shelves on 6 March 2008 and featured Michael Stipe of R.E.M. on the cover. This immediately garnered comparisons between the new magazine's similarities with Hot Press who featured Stipe on their cover at the same time, a move widely thought to be an attempt by Hot Press to stifle State's status as a serious 'alternative' to the more established local magazine. At a price of €5.50, State charged €2 more than Hot Press.

State (CTA Englewood Line station)

State was a station on the Englewood Branch of the Chicago 'L'. The station opened on November 3, 1905 and closed on September 2, 1973 as part of a group of budget-related CTA station closings.

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