C--

C-- (pronounced "see minus minus") is a C-like programming language. Its creators, functional programming researchers Simon Peyton Jones and Norman Ramsey, designed it to be generated mainly by compilers for very high-level languages rather than written by human programmers. Unlike many other intermediate languages, its representation is plain ASCII text, not bytecode or another binary format.

Design

C-- is a "portable assembly language", designed to ease the task of implementing a compiler which produces high quality machine code. This is done by having the compiler generate C-- code, delegating the harder work of low-level code generation and optimisation to a C-- compiler.

Work on C-- began in the late 1990s. Since writing a custom code generator is a challenge in itself, and the compiler back ends available to researchers at that time were complex and poorly documented, several projects had written compilers which generated C code (for instance, the original Modula-3 compiler). However, C is a poor choice for functional languages: it does not support tail recursion, accurate garbage collection or efficient exception handling. C-- is a simpler, tightly-defined alternative to C which does support all of these things. Its most innovative feature is a run-time interface which allows writing of portable garbage collectors, exception handling systems and other run-time features which work with any C-- compiler.

, in lower case, also called C with diaeresis, is a letter in the Chechen language. It represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate consonant, the same as the č in Serbo-Croatian and ç in Turkish and Albanian.

The original letter representing the voiceless postalveolar affricate consonant in Chechen was ç, but was changed to just as ş was changed to .


Voiceless palatal affricate

The voiceless palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is c͡ç. The voiceless palatal affricate occurs in such languages as Hungarian and Skolt Sami, among others. The consonant is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe (with the Uralic languages and Albanian being exceptions). It usually occurs with its voiced counterpart, the voiced palatal affricate.

There is also a voiceless post-palatal affricate (also called pre-velar, fronted velar etc.) in some languages.

Features

Features of the voiceless palatal affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence. It is not a sibilant.
  • Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
  • Podcasts:

    PLAYLIST TIME:

    Kick The PA

    by: Korn

    You simply defy, I cannot even look to the sky,
    we try it single filed, take on me, and it's my denial,
    I cannot ever find, something safe, not done on the fly,
    I cannot live this way, floor and me will kick the P.A
    You wanna play with me
    I'm really gonna rock your world
    You want to comfort me
    I'm gonna rock your world
    You say everything is fine, I cannot compete with the skies,
    my sing has crossed the line, come in me,
    I fly through the sky, I can not ever find,
    you and me will make all the lines, oh, if they could see the plague,
    no one would want to be me
    You wanna play with me
    I'm really gonna rock your world
    You wanna comfort me
    I'm gonna rock your world
    So I fly
    Take me
    I cannot fly
    Most people hate me
    To fly away from this pain
    Please take away




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