Data definition language

A data definition language or data description language (DDL) is a syntax similar to a computer programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas.

History

The concept of the data definition language and its name was first introduced in relation to the Codasyl database model, where the schema of the database was written in a language syntax describing the records, fields, and sets of the user data model. Later it was used to refer to a subset of Structured Query Language (SQL) for creating tables and constraints. SQL-92 introduced a schema manipulation language and schema information tables to query schemas. These information tables were specified as SQL/Schemata in SQL:2003. The term DDL is also used in a generic sense to refer to any formal language for describing data or information structures.

Structured query language

Many data description languages use a declarative syntax to define fields and data types. Structured query language (e.g., SQL), however, uses a collection of imperative verbs whose effect is to modify the schema of the database by adding, changing, or deleting definitions of tables or other objects. These statements can be freely mixed with other SQL statements, making the DDL not a separate language.

Create

Create may refer to:

Create (charity)

Create is a UK creative arts charity (registered charity number 1099733) based in London, which offers creative workshops and arts experiences led by professional artists in community settings, schools, prisons and hospitals.

The charity works with seven priority groups: young patients; disabled children and adults; young and adult carers; schoolchildren (and their teachers) in areas of deprivation; vulnerable older people; young and adult offenders (and their families); and marginalised children and adults (including homeless people and refugees).

Patrons include: choreographer/director Matthew Bourne OBE, writer Esther Freud, musician Dame Evelyn Glennie, composer/TV presenter Howard Goodall CBE, Royal Academician Ken Howard OBE, Guardian columnist/ex-offender Erwin James and pianist Nicholas McCarthy.

History

Create was co-founded on 7 July 2003 by current Chief Executive Nicky Goulder with the aim of transforming lives through the creative arts. Prior to this, she was Chief Executive of the Orchestra of St John's. In 2013, Nicky won the Clarins Most Dynamisante Woman of the Year Award, which recognises "the action and commitment of inspirational British women who work tirelessly to help underprivileged or sick children across the globe."

Create (video game)

Create is a chain reaction sandbox video game developed by EA Bright Light and published by Electronic Arts for Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360 and Mac OS X . It was released on November 16, 2010 in North America and November 19, 2010 in Europe. The game supports the PlayStation Move motion controller in addition to standard controllers and Keyboard, mouse inputs. The game is mainly based on creating scenes where players can cause objects to automatically interact with each other in a domino-like effect. The object of the game is to get an object from one place to another, by causing other things to respond in its presence.

Gameplay

The game consists of an interactive main hub which spans into ten themed stages, (such as Theme Park and Transportopia) and a bonus blank stage, where the player creates their own world from scratch. In each stage there are ten challenges to complete. Each challenge falls into a category depending on its objective. Each category consists of using certain objects to reach a goal/target (object challenge), by using several items at once to get the target object to the finish and get a high score (Scoretacular), or even building their own machine out of blocks, girders, wheels and hinges (Contraption-o-Matic). Upon completing a challenge, the player will unlock 'Creative Sparks'. Each Spark will reward the player with an item to use in challenges or to their own devices, props to place in their scenery etc.

SQL

SQL (ⁱ/ˈɛs kjuː ˈɛl/, or ⁱ/ˈsiːkwəl/;Structured Query Language) is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS).

Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of a data definition language, data manipulation language, and a data control language. The scope of SQL includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control. Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative language (4GL), it also includes procedural elements.

SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's relational model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks." Despite not entirely adhering to the relational model as described by Codd, it became the most widely used database language.

SQL 2008

SQL 2008 can refer to

SQL-92

SQL-92 was the third revision of the SQL database query language. Unlike SQL-89, it was a major revision of the standard. For all but a few minor incompatibilities, the SQL-89 standard is forward compatible with SQL-92.

The standard specification itself grew about five times compared to SQL-89. Much of it was due more precise specifications of existing features; the increase due to new features was only by a factor of 1.5–2. Many of the new features had already been implemented by vendors before the new standard was adopted. However, most of the new features were added to the "intermediate" and "full" tiers of the specification, meaning that conformance with SQL-92 entry level was scarcely any more demanding than conformance with SQL-89.

Later revisions of the standard include SQL:1999 (SQL3), SQL:2003, SQL:2008, and SQL:2011.

New features

Significant new features include: