Contrast resolution

Contrast resolution is the ability to distinguish between differences in intensity in an image. The measure is used in medical imaging to quantify the quality of acquired images. It is a difficult quantity to define, because it depends on the human observer as much as the quality of the actual image. For example, the size of a feature affects how easily it is detected by the observer.

One definition of image contrast is:

where S_A and S_B are signal intensities for signal producing structures A and B in the region of interest. A disadvantage of this definition is that the contrast C can be negative. An alternative definition is:

where S_ref is a reference signal intensity, which is independent of the type of signal producing structure under investigation.

In MRI, determining contrast is of high importance for calibration because the operator has a high degree of control of how the signal intensities of various structures vary in the images by using different MRI methods and imaging parameters. Unlike most other imaging modalities, such as x-ray CT in which the Hounsfield units value for water is set to zero, there is no standard reference signal for MRI. Thus the contrast-to-noise ratio is often employed as an index for contrast because this metric does not require a reference signal.

CNR (software)

CNR, or One-Click & Run, was a free one-click software delivery service that was created to make finding and installing Linux software easier. It assists the user in finding and installing software on their computer, it sits dormant in the system tray when not in use.

CNR offered a large database of Linux programs that were suitable for everyday and specialty usage, it was not only available for Linspire Linux operating systems, but other versions of Linux as well.

History

In 2002, the legacy CNR was created as a digital software delivery service created by Linspire, Inc. The service provide the desktop Linux user with an online software warehouse from which they could click on a product and have it installed on their desktop automatically. It required a paid membership of $49.95 to use the service. The warehouse hosted free, non-free, and commercial Linux software titles. The service relied on a client application to work in concert with Debian's APT and dpkg to resolve dependencies and install files.

CNR

CNR might be an acronym or abbreviation for:

Science, technology, computing and communications

Entertainment and media

Groups and organisations

Internet Leaks

Internet Leaks is the third EP from "Weird Al" Yankovic. It was released digitally on August 25, 2009. The EP contains a parody of "Whatever You Like" by artist T.I., as well as style parodies of The Doors, Weezer, The White Stripes, and Queen; all of the songs, except for "Ringtone" had been released as separate digital singles between October 2008 and August 2009, preceding the record's release.

At the time of the release of Internet Leaks, music videos for the four original songs were released; "Whatever You Like" would later received an animated video in 2011. The songs on the album were mostly met with positive critical reception, and many of the style parodies were lauded. On December 2, 2009, the EP was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album for the 52nd Grammy Awards. All five tracks were later re-released on Yankovic's 2011 album, Alpocalypse.

Background and recording

Following 2006's Straight Outta Lynwood, Yankovic decided to explore digital distribution as a means to promote his music. In late 2008, Yankovic announced plans to release a parody of "Whatever You Like" by artist T.I. Yankovic later told Billboard that he had come up with the idea two weeks before and that, with the benefit of digital distribution, he would not "have to wait around while my songs get old and dated—[he could] get them out on the Internet almost immediately." The single was recorded on September 26, 2008, and uploaded to digital distribution platforms on October 8, 2008.

Imaging

Imaging is the representation or reproduction of an object's form; especially a visual representation (i.e., the formation of an image).

Imaging methodologies and technologies

Stereo imaging

Stereo imaging refers to the aspect of sound recording and reproduction concerning the perceived spatial locations of the sound source(s), both laterally and in depth. An image is considered to be good if the location of the performers can be clearly located; the image is considered to be poor if the location of the performers is difficult to locate. A well-made stereo recording, properly reproduced, can provide good imaging within the front quadrant; a well-made Ambisonic recording, properly reproduced, can offer good imaging all around the listener and even including height information.

For many listeners, good imaging adds markedly to the pleasure of reproduced music. One may speculate that this is due to the evolutionary importance to humans of knowing where sounds are coming from, and that imaging may therefore be more important than some purely aesthetic considerations in satisfying the listener.

The quality of the imaging arriving at the listener's ear depends on numerous factors, of which the most important is the original "miking", that is, the choice and arrangement of the recording microphones (where "choice" refers here not to the brands chosen, but to the size and shape of the microphone diaphragms, and "arrangement" refers to microphone placement and orientation relative to other microphones). This is partly because miking simply affects imaging more than any other factor, and because, if the miking spoils the imaging, nothing later in the chain can recover it.